ASTM D2416-84(2004)

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Designation: D2416 – 84 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Coking Value of Tar and Pitch (Modified Conradson)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2416; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ing tars and pitches. This test method can also be used as one
element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coking
of supply.
value of tar and pitch having an ash content not over 0.5 % as
determined by Test Method D2415.
5. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
1.2 Coking values by this test method are practically the
5.1 Crucible—Wide-form, a, either porcelain, glazed
same as those obtained by Test Method D189, but results are
throughout, or silica, a; 29 to 31-mL capacity, 46 to 49 mm in
more reproducible. The apparatus used is identical, except that
rim diameter.
an electric furnace is substituted for the gas flame.
5.2 Skidmore Crucible—Iron crucible, b, flanged and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ringed, 65 to 82-mLcapacity, 53 to 57 mm inside and 60 to 67
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mmoutsidediameterofflange,37to39mminheight,supplied
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with a cover without delivery tubes and having the vertical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
opening closed. The horizontal opening of about 6.5 mm shall
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
be kept clean. The outside diameter of the flat bottom shall be
2. Referenced Documents 30 to 32 mm.
5.3 Metal Crucible— Spun sheet-iron or nickel crucible, c,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with cover; 78 to 82 mm in outside diameter at the top, 58 to
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
60 mm in height, and approximately 0.8 mm in thickness. At
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Pe-
the bottom of this crucible, and level before each test, shall be
troleum Products
a layer of about 25 mL of sand, or enough to bring the
D370 Practice for Dehydration of Oil-Type Preservatives
Skidmore crucible, with cover on, nearly to the top of the
D2415 Test Method for Ash in Coal Tar and Pitch
sheet-iron crucible. The sand shall be dry and screened to pass
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
through a 65-mesh screen and to be retained on a 200-mesh
Sieves
screen.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.4 WireSupport—Triangle(65mm)ofbareNichromewire
1.5to2.0mmincrosssection,havinganopeningsmallenough
3.1 A sample of the tar or pitch is vaporized and pyrolized
to support the bottom of the metal crucible (see 5.3). The
for a specified time at a specified temperature in special
triangle, d, shall have its arms bent to form a cradle that will
standardized equipment that limits the available oxygen sup-
supportthemetalcruciblewithitsbottomlevelwiththebottom
ply. The percentage of residue is reported as the coking value.
of the insulator (see 5.6).
4. Significance and Use
5.5 Hood—Circular, sheet-iron, e, from 120 to 130 mm in
diameter, the height of the lower perpendicular side to be from
4.1 This test method is useful for indicating the relative
50 to 53 mm; provided at the top with a chimney 50 to 60 mm
coke-forming propensities and for evaluating and characteriz-
inheightand50to56mmininsidediameter,whichisattached
to the lower part having the perpendicular sides by a cone-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
shaped member, bringing the total height of the complete hood
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material. to 125 to 130 mm. The hood may be made from a single piece
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
of metal, providing it conforms to foregoing dimensions. A
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2416 – 99. DOI:
bridge, g, made of approximately 3 mm iron or nichrome wire,
10.1520/D2416-84R04.
and having a height of 50 mm above the top of the chimney,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
shall be attached to handle the chimney when positioning.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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D2416 – 84 (2004)
7. Dehydration of Sample
7.1 Hard Pitch—If the solid bulk sample contains free
water, air-dry a representative portion.
7.2 Soft Pitch—If the presence of water is indicated by
surface foam on heating, maintain a representative portion of
the bulk sample at a temperature between 125 and 150°C in an
open container until the surface is free from foam. Take care
not to overheat, and remove heat source immediately when
foam subsides.
7.3 Tar—Dehydrate a representative portion of the bulk
sample in accordance with Test Method D370, but stop the
distillation when the temperature reaches 170°C. Separate any
oilfromthewaterthathasdistilledover(ifcrystalsarepresent,
warm sufficiently to ensure their solution), and thoroughly mix
the oil with the residual tar in the still after the latter has cooled
to a moderate temperature.
8. Preparation of Working Sample
8.1 Hard Pitch—If the pitch can be crushed at room
temperature, prepare a 20-g working sample by suitable
crushing, mixing, and quartering of a representative portion of
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determining Carbon Residue
the dry sample. The crushing can be done with a small jaw
crusher and a mortar and pestle. No particle in the representa-
5.6 Insulator—Ceramic block or refractory ring, f, 150 to tive sample should be larger than 5 mm in any dimension.
175 mm in diameter if round, or on a side if square, 32 to 38 CrushthissamplesothatallofitwillpasstheNo.30(600-µm)
mm in thickness, provided with an inverted cone-shaped sieve but have a minimum of fine par
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