ASTM C618-15
(Specification)Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementitious or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be desired, or where both objectives are to be achieved. Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements and physical requirements. The materials shall be tested for fineness, strength activity index, water requirement, soundness, and autoclave expansion or contraction.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementitious or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be desired, or where both objectives are to be achieved.
Note 1: Finely divided materials may tend to reduce the entrained air content of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to any concrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should be made to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air content tests and by use of additional air-entraining admixture or use of an air-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydraulic cement. (A) The use of Class F pozzolan containing up to 12.0 % loss on ignition may be approved by the user if either acceptable performance records or laboratory test results are made available. (A) The strength activity index with portland cement is not to be considered a measure of the compressive strength of concrete containing the fly ash or natural pozzolan. The mass of fly ash or natural pozzolan specified for the test to determine the strength activity index with portland cement is not considered to be the proportion recommended for the concrete to be used in the work. The optimum amount of fly ash or natural pozzolan for any specific project is determined by the required properties of the concrete and other constituents of the concrete and is to be established by testing. Strength activity index with portland cement is a measure of reactivity with a given cement and is subject to variation depending on the source of both the fly ash or natural pozzolan and the cement.(B) Meeting the 7 day or 28 day strength activity index will indicate specification compliance.(C) If the fly ash or natural pozzolan will constitute more than 20 % by mass of the cementitious material in the project mixture, the test specimens for autoclave expansion shall contain that anticipated percentage. Excessive autoclave expansion is highly significant in cases where water to cementitious material ratios are low, for example, in block or shotcrete mixtures. (A) Determination of compliance or noncompliance with the requirement relating to increase in drying shrinkage will be made only at the request of the purchaser.(B) Fly ash or natural pozzolans meeting this requirement are considered as effective in controlling alkali silica reactions as the use of the low-alkali control cement used in the evaluation. However, the fly ash or natural pozzolan shall be considered effective only when used at percentages by mass of the total cementitious material equal to or exceeding that used in the tests and when the alkali content of the cement to be used does not exceed that used in the tests by more than 0.05 %. See Appendix XI, Test Methods C311.(C) Fly ash or natural pozzolan shall be considered effective only when the fly ash or natural pozzolan is used at percentages, by mass, of the total cementitious material within 2 % of those that are successful in the test mixtures or between two percentages that are successful, and when the C3A content of the project cement is less than, or equal to, that which was used in the test mixtures. See Appendix X2 of Test Method C311.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement...
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Designation:C618 −15
Standard Specification for
Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use
1
in Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 fly ash—thefinelydividedresiduethatresultsfromthe
process of combustion of ground or powdered coal and that is
1.1 This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or
transported by flue gasses.
calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementi-
tious or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other
NOTE 2—This definition of fly ash does not include, among other
things, the residue resulting from: (1) fluidized bed combustion ash, (2)
properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be
the burning of municipal solid waste or any other refuse with coal, or (3)
desired, or where both objectives are to be achieved.
the burning of industrial or municipal solid waste in incinerators com-
monly known as “incinerator ash.”
NOTE 1—Finely divided materials may tend to reduce the entrained air
content of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to any
4. Classification
concrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should be
made to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air content
4.1 Class N—Raw or calcined natural pozzolans that com-
tests and by use of additional air-entraining admixture or use of an
ply with the applicable requirements for the class as given
air-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydraulic
herein, such as some diatomaceous earths; opaline cherts and
cement.
shales; tuffs and volcanic ashes or pumicites, calcined or
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
uncalcined; and various materials requiring calcination to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
induce satisfactory properties, such as some clays and shales.
standard.
4.2 Class F—Fly ash that meets the applicable requirements
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,
for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash has
which provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
pozzolanic properties.
notes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
considered as requirements of the standard. 4.3 Class C—Flyashthatmeetstheapplicablerequirements
for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash, in addition
2. Referenced Documents
to having pozzolanic properties, also has some cementitious
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
properties.
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
NOTE 3—Class F fly ash is typically produced from burning anthracite
gregates
or bituminous coal, but may also be produced from subbituminous coal
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
andfromlignite.ClassCflyashistypicallyproducedfromburninglignite
or subbituminous coal, and may also be produced from anthracite or
Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
bituminous coal. Class C fly ashes typically have total calcium contents,
expressed as calcium oxide (CaO), that are higher than Class F fly ashes.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
5. Ordering Information
3.1.1 The terms used in this specification are defined in
5.1 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary optional
Terminology C125.
physical requirements.
5.2 The purchaser shall indicate which procedure, A or B,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
shallbeusedwhenspecifyingrequirementsforeffectivenessin
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
contribution to sulfate resistance under Table 3.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C618–12a. DOI:
6. Chemical Composition
10.1520/C0618-15.
2
6.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
requirements as to chemical composition prescribed inTable 1.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE4—Thechemicalcomponentdeterminationsandthelimitsplaced
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C618 − 12a C618 − 15
Standard Specification for
Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use
1
in Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementitious or
pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be desired, or where
both objectives are to be achieved.
NOTE 1—Finely divided materials may tend to reduce the entrained air content of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to any
concrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should be made to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air content tests and
by use of additional air-entraining admixture or use of an air-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydraulic cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C125.
3.1.2 fly ash—the finely divided residue that results from the process of combustion of ground or powdered coal and that is
transported by flue gasses.
NOTE 2—This definition of fly ash does not include, among other things, the residue resulting from: (1(1)) fluidized bed combustion ash, (2) the burning
of municipal garbage solid waste or any other refuse with coal; (coal, 2) the injection of lime directly into the boiler for sulfur removal; or (or 3(3)) the
burning of industrial or municipal garbage solid waste in incinerators commonly known as “incinerator ash.”
4. Classification
4.1 Class N—Raw or calcined natural pozzolans that comply with the applicable requirements for the class as given herein, such
as some diatomaceous earths; opaline cherts and shales; tuffs and volcanic ashes or pumicites, calcined or uncalcined; and various
materials requiring calcination to induce satisfactory properties, such as some clays and shales.
4.2 Class F—Fly ash that meets the applicable requirements for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash has pozzolanic
properties.
4.3 Class C—Fly ash that meets the applicable requirements for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash, in addition to
having pozzolanic properties, also has some cementitious properties.
NOTE 3—Class F fly ash is typically produced from burning anthracite or bituminous coal, but may also be produced from subbituminous coal and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.24 on
Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012Aug. 1, 2015. Published January 2013September 2015. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
C618–12.–12a. DOI: 10.1520/C0618–12a.10.1520/C0618-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C618 − 15
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Class
N F C
Silicon dioxide (SiO ) plus aluminum oxide (Al O ) plus iron oxide (Fe O ), 70.0 70.0 50.0
2 2 3 2 3
min, %
Sulfur trioxide (SO ), max, % 4.0 5.0 5.0
3
Moisture content, max, % 3.0 3.0 3.0
A
Loss on i
...
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