ASTM C1609/C1609M-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-Point Loading)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-Point Loading)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The first-peak strength characterizes the flexural behavior of the fiber-reinforced concrete up to the onset of cracking, while residual strengths at specified deflections characterize the residual capacity after cracking. Specimen toughness is a measure of the energy absorption capacity of the test specimen. The appropriateness of each parameter depends on the nature of the proposed application and the level of acceptable cracking and deflection serviceability. Fiber-reinforced concrete is influenced in different ways by the amount and type of fibers in the concrete. In some cases, fibers may increase the residual load and toughness capacity at specified deflections while producing a first-peak strength equal to or only slightly greater than the flexural strength of the concrete without fibers. In other cases, fibers may significantly increase the first-peak and peak strengths while affecting a relatively small increase in residual load capacity and specimen toughness at specified deflections.
The first-peak strength, peak strength, and residual strengths determined by this test method reflect the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete under static flexural loading. The absolute values of energy absorption obtained in this test are of little direct relevance to the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete structures since they depend directly on the size and shape of the specimen and the loading arrangement.
The results of this test method may be used for comparing the performance of various fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures or in research and development work. They may also be used to monitor concrete quality, to verify compliance with construction specifications, obtain flexural strength data on fiber-reinforced concrete members subject to pure bending, or to evaluate the quality of concrete in service.
The results of this standard test method are dependent on the size of the specimen.
Note 4—The results obtained using one size molded specimen may not co...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete using parameters derived from the load-deflection curve obtained by testing a simply supported beam under third-point loading using a closed-loop, servo-controlled testing system.
1.2 This test method provides for the determination of first-peak and peak loads and the corresponding stresses calculated by inserting them in the formula for modulus of rupture given in Eq 1. It also requires determination of residual loads at specified deflections, and the corresponding residual strengths calculated by inserting them in the formula for modulus of rupture given in Eq 1 (see Note 1). At the option of the specifier of tests, it provides for determination of specimen toughness based on the area under the load-deflection curve up to a prescribed deflection (see Note 2).
Note 1—Residual strength is not a true stress but an engineering stress computed using simple engineering bending theory for linear elastic materials and gross (uncracked) section properties.
Note 2—Specimen toughness expressed in terms of the area under the load-deflection curve is an indication of the energy absorption capability of the particular test specimen, and its magnitude depends directly on the geometry of the test specimen and the loading configuration.
1.3 This test method utilizes two preferred specimen sizes of 100 by 100 by 350 mm [4 by 4 by 14 in.] tested on a 300 mm [12 in.] span, or 150 by 150 by 500 mm [6 by 6 by 20 in.] tested on a 450 mm [18 in.] span. A specimen size different from the two preferred specimen sizes is permissible.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standar...
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Designation: C1609/C1609M – 07
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using
1
Beam With Third-Point Loading)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1609/C1609M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method evaluates the flexural performance of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fiber-reinforced concrete using parameters derived from the
load-deflection curve obtained by testing a simply supported
2. Referenced Documents
beam under third-point loading using a closed-loop, servo-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
controlled testing system.
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
1.2 This test method provides for the determination of
Specimens in the Field
first-peak and peak loads and the corresponding stresses
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
calculated by inserting them in the formula for modulus of
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
rupture given in Eq 1. It also requires determination of residual
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
loads at specified deflections, and the corresponding residual
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
strengths calculated by inserting them in the formula for
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
modulus of rupture given in Eq 1 (see Note 1).At the option of
gregates
the specifier of tests, it provides for determination of specimen
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
toughness based on the area under the load-deflection curve up
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
to a prescribed deflection (see Note 2).
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
NOTE 1—Residual strength is not a true stress but an engineering stress
C823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened
computed using simple engineering bending theory for linear elastic
Concrete in Constructions
materials and gross (uncracked) section properties.
C1140 Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from
NOTE 2—Specimen toughness expressed in terms of the area under the
Shotcrete Test Panels
load-deflection curve is an indication of the energy absorption capability
of the particular test specimen, and its magnitude depends directly on the
3. Terminology
geometry of the test specimen and the loading configuration.
3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this test method are
1.3 This test method utilizes two preferred specimen sizes
defined in Terminology C125.
of100by100by350mm[4by4by14in.]testedona300mm
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
[12 in.] span, or 150 by 150 by 500 mm [6 by 6 by 20 in.]
3.2.1 end-point deflection—the deflection value on the load-
tested on a 450 mm [18 in.] span. A specimen size different
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deflection curve equal to ⁄150 of the span length, or a larger
from the two preferred specimen sizes is permissible.
value as specified at the option of the specifier of tests.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
3.2.2 first-peak load, P —the load value at the first point on
1
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
the load-deflection curve where the slope is zero.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
3.2.3 first-peak deflection, d —the net deflection value on
1
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
the load-deflection curve at first-peak load.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
3.2.4 first-peak strength f —the stress value obtained when
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conformance with the standard.
the first-peak load is inserted in the formula for modulus of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rupture given in Eq 1.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 load-deflection curve—the plot of load versus net
deflection of a flexural beam specimen loaded to the end-point
deflection.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C09.42 on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C1609/C1609M – 06. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C1609_C1609M-07. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1609/C1609M–06 Designation: C 1609/C 1609M – 07
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using
1
Beam With Third-Point Loading)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1609/C 1609M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete using parameters derived from the
load-deflection curve obtained by testing a simply supported beam under third-point loading using a closed-loop, servo-controlled
testing system.
1.2 This test method provides for the determination of first-peak and peak loads and the corresponding stresses calculated by
inserting them in the formula for modulus of rupture given in Eq 1. It also requires determination of residual loads at specified
deflections, and the corresponding residual strengths calculated by inserting them in the formula for modulus of rupture given in
Eq 1 (see Note 1). At the option of the specifier of tests, it provides for determination of specimen toughness based on the area
under the load-deflection curve up to a prescribed deflection (see Note 2).
NOTE 1—Residual strength is not a true stress but an engineering stress computed using simple engineering bending theory for linear elastic materials
and gross (uncracked) section properties.
NOTE 2—Specimen toughness expressed in terms of the area under the load-deflection curve is an indication of the energy absorption capability of the
particular test specimen, and its magnitude depends directly on the geometry of the test specimen and the loading configuration.
1.3 This test method utilizes two preferred specimen sizes of 100 by 100 by 350 mm (4[4 by 4 by 14 in.)in.] tested on a 300
mm (12 in.)[12 in.] span, or 150 by 150 by 500 mm (6[6 by 6 by 20 in.)in.] tested on a 450 mm (18 in.)[18 in.] span.Aspecimen
size different from the two preferred specimen sizes is permissible.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C 78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C 823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened Concrete in Constructions
C 1140 Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test Panels
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology C 125.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
3.2.1 end-point deflection—the deflection value on the load-deflection curve equal to ⁄150 of the span length, or a larger value
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.42 on
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006.2007. Published January 2007.2008. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
C 1609/C 1609M – 056.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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