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ASTM D4708-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of Organic Coatings

Standard Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of Organic Coatings

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of free films of organic coatings for use in determining the physical properties of the coatings. Procedures are given for preparing free films on four alternative substrates. These substrates are dental foil, treated FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene) sheet, silicone coated paper, and halo-silane coated glass plates.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in 6.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-1999
ICS
25.220.60 - Organic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4708-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of Organic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1841-23 - Standard Specification for Interior Radiation Control Coating (IRCC) for Building Applications
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6093-97(2022) - Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM D1653-13(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM E1795-20a - Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM D2370-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5590-17(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999

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ASTM D4708-99 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of Organic Coatings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4708 – 99
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Uniform Free Films of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4708; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2370), moisture vapor permeability (Test Methods D 1653),
and other physical properties of organic coatings where the
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of free films of
substrate may interfere with the determination.
organic coatings for use in determining the physical properties
4.2 The tin foil/mercury amalgamation procedure should be
of the coatings. Procedures are given for preparing free films
used only in cases where other substrates may be affected by
on four alternative substrates. These substrates are dental foil,
high-temperature baking or may affect the test results.
treated FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene) sheet, silicone
coated paper, and halo-silane coated glass plates.
5. Apparatus and Materials
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Equipment, for applying films of uniform thickness as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
described in Test Methods D 823.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Micrometer Film Thickness Gage, as described in Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Methods D 1005.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard
5.3 Alternative Release Substrates:
statement is given in 6.1.
5.3.1 Dental Tin Foil, preferably 1-mil (25-μm) thick.
2. Referenced Documents 5.3.2 Sheet of FEP—(polyhexafluoropropylene), prefer-
ably 2-mils (50-μm) thick, coated with a thin film of a dry
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lubricant.
D 823 Test Methods for Producing Films of Uniform Thick-
5.3.3 Sheet of Silicone Coated Paper, preferably 5-mil
ness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test
(125-μm) thick.
Panels
5.3.4 Glass Plates, coated with halosilane compound.
D 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
NOTE 1—Other substrates that may be suitable are 10-mil (250-μm)
D 1653 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
thick polyethylene, photographic paper, polished steel, and fluoropolymer
coated metal panels.
Organic Coating Films
D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic
Coatings
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Free films are prepared by depositing a uniform wet
coating of the test material on a release substrate. The applied
films are dried or baked, cut into appropriate size for the Teflon FEP 2-mil film thickness (Card No. 03111, Item #29499) from E.I. du
Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, DE 19898, was found suitable for this
intended physical property test, and then stripped from the
purpose. However, it is no longer available. Other substrates that may be suitable are
release substrate.
10-mil (250-μm) thick polyethylene, photographic paper, polished steel, and
fluoropolymer coated metal panels.
4. Significance and Use 4
The sole source of supply of dry lubricant (MS-122 Fluorocarbon Release
Agent) known to the committee at this time is Miller-Stephenson Chemical Co.,
4.1 Free films are required for conducting tests to evaluate
Inc., 55 Backus Ave., Danbury, CT 06810. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
physical properties such as tensile and elongation (Test Method
please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committe,
which you may attend.
1 5
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and The sole source of suuply of silicone coated release paper, Form RP-1K, size
5 1
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of 8 ⁄8 by 11 ⁄4 in., known to the committee at this time is the Leneta Co., 15 Whitney
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films. Rd., Mahwah, NJ 07430. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1999. Published April 1999. Originally this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
published as D 4708 – 87. Last previous edition D 4708 – 92a (1998). consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committe, which you may
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4708
5.4 Precision Specimen Cutter, having a double blade with remove the foil-backed film from the glass or metal substrate
a foot to hold the sample. and cut the specimens to size using a sharp knife or a precision
specimen cutter.
6. Hazards
NOTE 4—To prepare specimens for tensile property tests a precision
6.1 Mercury—This practice involves the use of an OSHA-
specimen cutter must be used to ensure nick-free edges on the specimens.
designated hazardous substance, mercury. For information on
Even with this instrument, it is necessary to cut each specimen indepen-
the potential hazards and guidance relative to use, consult the
dently, allowing at least ⁄2 in. (13 mm) of waste between specimens.
supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet. Mercury is a toxic
7.1.1.5 Place the foil-backed specimen film side up on a
metallic liquid. Its vapors are extremely hazardous. Small
pool of mercury (see Note 3) to remove the foil by amalgam-
amounts of spilled mercury can vaporize sufficiently at room
ation. After amalgamation is completed, pick up an end of the
temperature to excee
...

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5.1 Pencil hardness measurements have been used by the coatings industry for many years to determine the hardness of clear and pigmented organic coating films. This test method has also been used to determine the cure of these coatings, especially when using forced dried heat.  
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapid, inexpensive determination of the film hardness of an organic coating on a metal or similarly hard substrate in terms of drawing leads or pencil leads of known hardness.  
1.2 This test method is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 15184.
Note 1: Other procedures are available to measure permanent deformation of organic coatings under the action of a single point (stylus tip) including but not limited to Test Methods D2197, D5178, and G171.  
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ASTM D968-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive

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5.1 Silica sand produces a slower rate of abrasion for organic coatings than that provided by silicon carbide. For some types of coatings, it may also provide greater differentiation.  
5.2 The abrasion resistance scales produced by the two methods differ, but the methods provide approximately the same rankings of coatings for abrasion resistance.  
5.3 Each of the methods has been found useful for rating the abrasion resistance of specific types of coatings. For example Method A (falling sand) has been used for rating floor coatings while Method B (falling silicon carbide) has been used for rating coatings for ship decks.
FIG. 1 Abrasion Test Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by abrasive falling onto coatings applied to a plane rigid surface, such as a metal or glass panel.  
1.2 Two test methods based on different abrasives are covered as follows:    
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Method A—Falling Sand Abrasion Test  
6 – 13  
Method B—Falling Silicon Carbide Abrasion Test  
14 – 21  
1.3 These methods should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the methods (see 13.1.2 and 21.1.2). Interlaboratory agreement is improved significantly when ranking is used in place of numerical values.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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