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ASTM D3687-01

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method

Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the applications of methods for the desorption and gas chromatographic determination of organic vapors that have been adsorbed from air in sampling tubes packed with activated charcoal.  
1.2 This practice is complementary to Practice D3686.  
1.3 This practice is applicable for analysis of samples taken from workplace or other atmospheres, provided that the contaminant adsorbs onto charcoal and that it can be analyzed by gas chromatography. A partial list of organic compounds for which this method is applicable is given in A1 in Practice D3686.  
1.4 Organic compounds of multicomponent samples may mutually interfere during analysis. Methods to resolve interferences are given in Section 6.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautions are given in 8.1.4.2 and A1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3687-95 - Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D3687-07 - Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5578-04(2015) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4597-10(2021) - Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3686-20 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6803-19 - Standard Practice for Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Architectural Coatings Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4861-23 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5116-17 - Standard Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1747-95(2019) - Standard Guide for Purity of Carbon Dioxide Used in Supercritical Fluid Applications
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6332-12(2021) - Standard Guide for Testing Systems for Measuring Dynamic Responses of Carbon Monoxide Detectors to Gases and Vapors
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM D3687-01 - Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption MethodASTM D3687-01 - Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
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ASTM D3687-01 - Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3687–01
Standard Practice for
Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the
1
Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope CDC-99-74-45 Documentation of NIOSH Validation
3
Tests
1.1 This practice covers the applications of methods for the
3
Manual of Analytical Methods, 2nd Ed.
desorption and gas chromatographic determination of organic
2.3 OSHA Standard:
vapors that have been adsorbed from air in sampling tubes
29 CFR 1910 General and Industrial OSHA Safety and
packed with activated charcoal.
4
Health Standard
1.2 This practice is complementary to Practice D 3686.
1.3 This practice is applicable for analysis of samples taken
3. Terminology
from workplace or other atmospheres, provided that the con-
3.1 Definitions:
taminant adsorbs onto charcoal and that it can be analyzed by
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
gas chromatography. A partial list of organic compounds for
Terminology D 1356, and E 355.
which this method is applicable is given in A1 in Practice
3.1.2 relative retention time (RRT)—a ratio of RTs’ for two
D 3686.
chemicals for the same chromatographic column and carrier
1.4 Organic compounds of multicomponent samples may
gas flow rate, where the denominator represents a reference
mutually interfere during analysis. Methods to resolve inter-
chemical.
ferences are given in Section 6.
3.1.3 retention time (RT)—time to elute a specific chemical
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
from a chromatographic column, for a specific carrier gas flow
standard.
rate, measured from the time the chemical is injected into the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
gas stream to when it appears at the detector.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Practice
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Organic vapors, which have been collected on activated
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
charcoal and eluted therefrom with carbon disulfide or other
tions are given in 8.1.4.2 and Annex A1.
appropriate desorbent, are determined by gas-liquid chroma-
tography, using a flame ionization detector and other appropri-
2. Referenced Documents
2 ate detectors.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Interferences resulting from the analytes having similar
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
retention times during gas-liquid chromatography are resolved
Atmospheres
by improving the resolution or separation, such as by changing
D 3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
the chromatographic column or operating parameters, or by
ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
fractionating the sample by solvent extraction.
sorption Method)
4.3 Peaks are identified using techniques such as GC/MS
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
and dual column chromatography.
tionships
2.2 NIOSH Standards:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Promulgations by the Federal Occupational Safety and
HealthAdministration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910 designate that
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir Quality
certain organic compounds must not be present in workplace
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittees D22.04 on Workplace Atmo-
spheres. atmospheres at concentrations above specified values.
Current edition approved October 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Origi-
nally published as D 3687 – 78. Last previous edition D 3687 – 95.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM mation Service, Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3687–01
5.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with Practice ane and polyethylene glycol wide bore capillary columns (0.53
D 3686, will promote needed accuracy and precision in the and 0.75 mm) may be used in place of the packed columns.
determination of airborne
...

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Standard Practice for Characterizing Uncertainty in Air Quality Measurements

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5.1 This practice is recommended for use in measuring the concentration of VOCs in ambient, indoor, and workplace atmospheres. It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers for material emission testing or human exposure assessment.  
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1.1 This practice is intended to assist in the selection of sorbents and procedures for the sampling and analysis of ambient (1),2 indoor (2), and workplace (3, 4) atmospheres for a variety of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers or for human exposure assessment.  
1.2 This practice is based on the sorption of VOCs from air onto selected sorbents or combinations of sorbents. Sampled air is either drawn through a tube containing one or a series of sorbents (pumped sampling) or allowed to diffuse, under controlled conditions, onto the sorbent surface at the sampling end of the tube (diffusive or passive sampling). The sorbed VOCs are subsequently recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.  
1.3 This practice applies to three basic types of samplers that are compatible with thermal desorption: (1) pumped sorbent tubes containing one or more sorbents; (2) axial passive (diffusive) samplers (typically of the same physical dimensions as standard pumped sorbent tubes and containing only one sorbent); and (3) radial passive (diffusive) samplers.  
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5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.  
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5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.  
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
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1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities.  
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.  
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
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3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
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3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
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1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
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Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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