ASTM C1067-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Conducting a Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Standard Practice for Conducting a Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of a ruggedness evaluation, or screening program, is to determine the sensitivity of the test method to changes in levels of pertinent operating factors using a small number of tests. Normally, operating conditions for a test method are defined along with allowable tolerances. A ruggedness analysis determines the effect of “worst-case” variation in operating conditions within the specified tolerances. If the ruggedness evaluation indicates high variation (poor precision), the method can be revised with smaller tolerances on operating conditions to improve the precision.
This practice evaluates the effects of seven factors using eight treatments. The disadvantage of this approach is that it only estimates the main effects of the factors and does not detect the effects of interactions among factors. For this reason, this is a screening program and additional investigation is required to investigate whether there are interaction effects.
A major reason for poor precision in test methods is the lack of adequate control over the sources of variation in testing procedures or testing environments. These sources of variation often are not controlled adequately because they were not identified during the development of the test procedures as having a large effect on the determinations. This practice provides a systematic procedure to establish the required degree of control for different testing parameters.
All new test methods must be subjected to an interlaboratory program to develop a precision and bias statement. These programs can be expensive and lengthy, and the result may show that the method is too variable and should not be published without further revision. Interlaboratory studies may give the subcommittee an indication that the method is too variable, but they do not usually give a clear picture of the causes of the variation. Application of this practice using one or two laboratories before finalizing the test method and conducting the interla...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the ruggedness of a test method by determining the effects of different experimental factors on the variation of test results. The procedure is intended for use during the development of a test method before the interlaboratory study is executed, such as those described in Practices C802 and E691.
1.2 This practice covers, in general terms, techniques for planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few laboratories. Appendix X1 provides the details of the procedure with an example and Appendix X2 provides additional information on the methodology.
1.3 The practice is not intended to give information pertinent to estimating multilaboratory precision.
1.4 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only in illustrations of calculation methods.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1067 − 12
Standard Practice for
Conducting a Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening Program
1
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
ruggedness of a test method by determining the effects of
different experimental factors on the variation of test results.
3. Terminology
The procedure is intended for use during the development of a
test method before the interlaboratory study is executed, such
3.1 Definitions:
as those described in Practices C802 and E691.
3.1.1 For definitions of statistical terms used in this
standard, refer to Terminology E456.
1.2 This practice covers, in general terms, techniques for
planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
laboratories. Appendix X1 provides the details of the proce-
3.2.1 determination, n—numerical value of a characteristic
dure with an example and Appendix X2 provides additional
of a test specimen measured in accordance with the given the
information on the methodology.
test method.
1.3 The practice is not intended to give information perti-
3.2.2 effect, n—of a factor, the difference in the measured
nent to estimating multilaboratory precision.
characteristics at each level of a factor averaged over all levels
of other factors in the experiment.
1.4 The system of units for this practice is not specified.
Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only in
3.2.3 factor, n—a condition or element in the test procedure
illustrations of calculation methods.
or laboratory environment that can be controlled and that is a
potential source of variation of determinations.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 level, n—the value or setting of a factor associated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with a determination.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.5 replication, n—the act of obtaining, under specified
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditions,twoormoredeterminationsonidenticalspecimens.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Replicate determinations are typically
2. Referenced Documents
required to be obtained by the same operator, using the same
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
apparatus,onspecimensthataresimilaraspossible,andduring
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
a short time interval.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3.2.6 ruggedness, n—the characteristic of a test method
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
such that determinations are not influenced to a statistically
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
significant degree by small changes in the testing procedure or
Construction Materials
environment.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Statistical significance is evaluated by
comparing the observed variation due to a factor to the
expected variation due to chance alone.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.94
3.2.7 screening, n—a planned experiment using a low num-
on Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
ber of determinations to detect among many factors those that
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
have a significant effect on variation of determinations com-
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1067 – 00 (2007).
DOI: 10.1520/C1067-12.
pared with chance variation.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.7.1 Discussion—In this practice, the influence of seven
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
factors is evaluated using a replicated set of eight
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. determinations, that is, a total of 16 determinations.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1067 − 12
4. Summary of Practice causes
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1067–00 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:C1067–12
Standard Practice for
Conducting Aa Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening
1
Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1Thispracticecoversaprocedurefordetectingsourcesofvariationinatestmethod.Theprocedureshouldbeusedduringthe
development of a test method, before the interlaboratory study is executed, such as those in Practices C670, Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the ruggedness of a test method by determining the effects of different
experimental factors on the variation of test results. The procedure is intended for use during the development of a test method
before the interlaboratory study is executed, such as those described in Practices C802 , and and E691. Interlaboratory studies can
be expensive to execute. Resources will probably be more efficiently used if sources of variation in a test method are eliminated
prior to performing the interlaboratory study. The procedure also is useful for determining sources of variation in an existing test
method that has been found to have poor precision.
1.2This practice covers, in very general terms, techniques for planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few
laboratories. Annex A1 provides the details of the procedure with an example and Annex A2 gives the theoretical background.
1.3The practice does not give information pertinent to estimating within- or between-laboratory precision.
1.4.
1.2 This practice covers, in general terms, techniques for planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few
laboratories.AppendixX1providesthedetailsoftheprocedurewithanexampleandAppendixX2providesadditionalinformation
on the methodology.
1.3 The practice is not intended to give information pertinent to estimating multilaboratory precision.
1.4 Thesystemofunitsforthispracticeisnotspecified.Dimensionalquantitiesinthepracticearepresentedonlyinillustrations
of calculation methods.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction
Materials
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1determination value, n—numerical quantity calculated as directed in the test method using direct measurements obtained
in accordance with the procedures given in the test method.
3.1.2replication, n—the act of obtaining two or more determination values under specified conditions. The number of
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC09onConcreteandConcreteAggregates.ThispracticewasdevelopedjointlybyASTMCommitteesC01,
C09, D04, and D18, and is endorsed by all four committees.
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C1067–00. DOI:
10.1520/C1067-00R07.on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.94 on Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1067–00(2007). DOI:
10.1520/C1067-12.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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