ASTM ISO/ASTM51401-13
(Main)Standard Practice for Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
Standard Practice for Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The dichromate system provides a reliable means for measuring absorbed dose to water. It is based on a process of reduction of dichromate ions to chromic ions in acidic aqueous solution by ionizing radiation.
4.2 The dosimeter is a solution containing silver and dichromate ions in perchloric acid in an appropriate container such as a sealed glass ampoule. The solution indicates absorbed dose by a change (decrease) in optical absorbance at a specified wavelength(s) ((3), ICRU Report 80). A calibrated spectrophotometer is used to measure the absorbance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation, testing, and procedure for using the acidic aqueous silver dichromate dosimetry system to measure absorbed dose to water when exposed to ionizing radiation. The system consists of a dosimeter and appropriate analytical instrumentation. For simplicity, the system will be referred to as the dichromate system. The dichromate dosimeter is classified as a type I dosimeter on the basis of the effect of influence quantities. The dichromate system may be used as either a reference standard dosimetry system or a routine dosimetry system.
1.2 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM Practice 52628 for the dichromate dosimetry system. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.
1.3 This practice describes the spectrophotometric analysis procedures for the dichromate system.
1.4 This practice applies only to gamma radiation, X-radiation/bremsstrahlung, and high energy electrons.
1.5 This practice applies provided the following conditions are satisfied:
1.5.1 The absorbed dose range is from 2 × 10 3 to 5 × 104 Gy.
1.5.2 The absorbed dose rate does not exceed 600 Gy/pulse (12.5 pulses per second), or does not exceed an equivalent dose rate of 7.5 kGy/s from continuous sources (1).2
1.5.3 For radionuclide gamma sources, the initial photon energy shall be greater than 0.6 MeV. For bremsstrahlung photons, the initial energy of the electrons used to produce the bremsstrahlung photons shall be equal to or greater than 2 MeV. For electron beams, the initial electron energy shall be greater than 8 MeV. Note 1—The lower energy limits given are appropriate for a cylindrical dosimeter ampoule of 12 mm diameter. Corrections for displacement effects and dose gradient across the ampoule may be required for electron beams (2). The dichromate system may be used at lower energies by employing thinner (in the beam direction) dosimeter containers (see ICRU Report 35).
1.5.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter shall be above 0°C and should be below 80°C. Note 2—The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response is known only in the range of 5 to 50°C (see 5.2). Use outside this range requires determination of the temperature coefficient.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.3.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ISO/ASTM 51401:2013(E)
Standard Practice for
1
Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 51401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
NOTE1—Thelowerenergylimitsgivenareappropriateforacylindrical
1. Scope
dosimeter ampoule of 12 mm diameter. Corrections for displacement
1.1 This practice covers the preparation, testing, and proce-
effects and dose gradient across the ampoule may be required for electron
dure for using the acidic aqueous silver dichromate dosimetry
beams (2). The dichromate system may be used at lower energies by
employingthinner(inthebeamdirection)dosimetercontainers(seeICRU
system to measure absorbed dose to water when exposed to
Report 35).
ionizing radiation. The system consists of a dosimeter and
appropriate analytical instrumentation. For simplicity, the sys- 1.5.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter shall be
above 0°C and should be below 80°C.
tem will be referred to as the dichromate system. The dichro-
mate dosimeter is classified as a type I dosimeter on the basis
NOTE 2—The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response is known
of the effect of influence quantities. The dichromate system
only in the range of 5 to 50°C (see 5.2). Use outside this range requires
maybeusedaseitherareferencestandarddosimetrysystemor
determination of the temperature coefficient.
a routine dosimetry system.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This document is one of a set of standards that provides
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM Practice
tionary statements are given in 9.3.
52628forthedichromatedosimetrysystem.Itisintendedtobe
read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.
2. Referenced documents
1.3 This practice describes the spectrophotometric analysis
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures for the dichromate system.
E170Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and
1.4 This practice applies only to gamma radiation,
Dosimetry
X-radiation/bremsstrahlung, and high energy electrons.
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1.5 This practice applies provided the following conditions
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
are satisfied:
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
3
1.5.1 The absorbed dose range is from 2 × 10 to
E666Practice for CalculatingAbsorbed Dose From Gamma
4
5×10 Gy.
or X Radiation
1.5.2 The absorbed dose rate does not exceed 600 Gy/pulse
E668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence-
(12.5pulsespersecond),ordoesnotexceedanequivalentdose
Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for Determining Absorbed
2
rate of 7.5 kGy/s from continuous sources (1).
DoseinRadiation-HardnessTestingofElectronicDevices
1.5.3 For radionuclide gamma sources, the initial photon
E925Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-
energy shall be greater than 0.6 MeV. For bremsstrahlung Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
photons, the initial energy of the electrons used to produce the
does not Exceed 2 nm
bremsstrahlung photons shall be equal to or greater than 2 E958Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of
MeV. For electron beams, the initial electron energy shall be
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
3
greater than 8 MeV.
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:
51261Practice for Calibration of Routine Dosimetry Sys-
1 tems for Radiation Processing
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation
Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.02 on Dosimetry 51707Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry for
Systems, and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 85/WG 3.
Radiation Processing
Current edition approved Sept. 14, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
ε1
publishedasASTME1401–91.ASTME1401–96 wasadoptedbyISOin1998
with the intermediate designation ISO 15561:1998(E). The present International
3
Standard ISO/ASTM 51401:2013(E) replaces ISO 15561 and is a major revision of For referenced ASTM and ISO/ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
the last previous edition ISO/ASTM 51401:2003(E). www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothebibliographyattheendofthis Annual Boo
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
ISO/ASTM 51401:2013(E)
Standard Practice for
1
Use of a Dichromate Dosimetry System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 51401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
NOTE 1—The lower energy limits given are appropriate for a cylindrical
1. Scope
dosimeter ampoule of 12 mm diameter. Corrections for displacement
1.1 This practice covers the preparation, testing, and proce-
effects and dose gradient across the ampoule may be required for electron
dure for using the acidic aqueous silver dichromate dosimetry beams (2). The dichromate system may be used at lower energies by
employing thinner (in the beam direction) dosimeter containers (see ICRU
system to measure absorbed dose to water when exposed to
Report 35).
ionizing radiation. The system consists of a dosimeter and
1.5.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter shall be
appropriate analytical instrumentation. For simplicity, the sys-
tem will be referred to as the dichromate system. The dichro- above 0°C and should be below 80°C.
mate dosimeter is classified as a type I dosimeter on the basis
NOTE 2—The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response is known
of the effect of influence quantities. The dichromate system
only in the range of 5 to 50°C (see 5.2). Use outside this range requires
may be used as either a reference standard dosimetry system or determination of the temperature coefficient.
a routine dosimetry system.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This document is one of a set of standards that provides
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM Practice
tionary statements are given in 9.3.
52628 for the dichromate dosimetry system. It is intended to be
read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.
2. Referenced documents
1.3 This practice describes the spectrophotometric analysis
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures for the dichromate system.
E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and
1.4 This practice applies only to gamma radiation,
Dosimetry
X-radiation/bremsstrahlung, and high energy electrons.
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1.5 This practice applies provided the following conditions
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
are satisfied:
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
3
1.5.1 The absorbed dose range is from 2 × 10 to
E666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose From Gamma
4
5 × 10 Gy.
or X Radiation
1.5.2 The absorbed dose rate does not exceed 600 Gy/pulse
E668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence-
(12.5 pulses per second), or does not exceed an equivalent dose
Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for Determining Absorbed
2
rate of 7.5 kGy/s from continuous sources (1).
Dose in Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronic Devices
1.5.3 For radionuclide gamma sources, the initial photon E925 Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-
energy shall be greater than 0.6 MeV. For bremsstrahlung
Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
photons, the initial energy of the electrons used to produce the does not Exceed 2 nm
bremsstrahlung photons shall be equal to or greater than 2
E958 Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of
MeV. For electron beams, the initial electron energy shall be Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
3
greater than 8 MeV.
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:
51261 Practice for Calibration of Routine Dosimetry Sys-
1 tems for Radiation Processing
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation
51707 Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry for
Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.02 on Dosimetry
Systems, and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 85/WG 3.
Radiation Processing
Current edition approved Sept. 14, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
ε1
published as ASTM E 1401 – 91. ASTM E 1401 – 96 was adopted by ISO in 1998
with the intermediate designation ISO 15561:1998(E). The present International
3
Standard ISO/ASTM 51401:2013(E) replaces ISO 15561 and is a major revision of For referenced ASTM and ISO/ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
the last previous edition ISO/ASTM 51401:2003(E). www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the bibliography at the end of this Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to th
...
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