ASTM F2588-06

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Designation: F 2588 – 06
Standard Test Method for
Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST) for Protective Ensembles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2588; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Stan-
dards:
1.1 This test method specifies the test equipment and
NFPA 1971 Standard on Protective Ensembles for Struc-
procedures for conducting tests to estimate the entry of
tural and Proximity Fire Fighting
chemical agent vapor simulant through protective ensembles
NFPA 1994 Standard on Protective Ensembles for CBRN
while worn by test subjects.
Terrorism Incidents
1.2 This test method permits the evaluation of protective
2.3 U.S. Military Publication:
ensembles consisting of protective garments or suits, gloves,
Test Operations Procedure (TOP 10-2-022) Man-In-
footwear, respirators, and interface devices.
Simulant Test (MIST)—Chemical Vapor Testing of
1.3 The results of this test method yield local physiological
Chemical/Biological Protective Suits, September 2001.
protective dosage factors at individual locations of the human
body as well as a systemic physiological protective dosage
3. Terminology
factor for the entire ensemble.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 chemical agent vapor simulant, n—a substance used
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to replicate vapor characteristics of a chemical agent which is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a more toxic substance.
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Inthistestmethod,methylsalicylateis
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
used as a chemical agent vapor simulant for the blister agent,
2. Referenced Documents distilled mustard.
3.1.2 chemical terrorism agent, n—a liquid, solid, gaseous,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and vapor chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemi-
E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and
cals used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties, generally
Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
on a civilian population as a result of a terrorist attack.
F1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective
3.1.3 interface area, n—alocationonthebodywheretwoor
Ensembles
more protective clothing items (for example, suits, garments,
F1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,
hoods, gloves, footwear, respirators, or other items) come into
Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical-Protective Suit
contact.
Ensembles
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Interfaces are potential breaches that
F1359 Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of
could allow entry of chemicals into the interior of the protec-
Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a
tive ensemble.
Shower Spray While on a Mannequin
3.1.4 interface device, n—an item of the ensemble that is
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
intended to provide protection to the interface area.
F1731 Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fire
3.1.5 local physiological protective dosage factor (PPDF),
i
and Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal Hazard
n—a physiological protective dosage factor at a specific
Protective Clothing
location on the body.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—In this test method, local physiological
1 protectivedosagefactorsaremeasuredat30differentlocations
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal
on the body.
ProtectiveClothingandEquipmentandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
F23.30 on Chemical Hazards.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published October 2006.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
U.S. Army Developmental Test Command (DTC), ATTN: CSTE-DTC-TT-S,
the ASTM website. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5055.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2588–06
3.1.6 onset of symptoms exposure dosage (OSED), n—the method further provides a quantitative assessment of inward
dosage that causes threshold effects to the average human. leakage for the chemical agent vapor simulant.
3.1.7 passive adsorbent dosimeters (PADs), n—adhesive
5.1.3 The use of this test method to determine the inward
backed patches, made of an absorbent material, which are leakage of other chemical vapor threats must be evaluated on
placed on the skin at specific locations of the body, to collect
a case-by-case basis.
any chemical vapor challenge that has infiltrated the protective
5.2 This test method is applied to complete ensembles
ensemble.
consisting of a suit or garment in combination with gloves,
3.1.7.1 Discussion—In this test method, the PADs use a footwear, respirators, and interface devices.
Tenax TA absorbent material.
5.2.1 This test method permits any combination or configu-
3.1.8 physiological protective dosage factor (PPDF),
ration of ensemble elements and components, including en-
n—the factor by which protection is improved against effects
sembles where the respirator covers the face or head.
from vapor exposure for the protected individual compared
5.2.2 This test method accommodates protective ensembles
with whole body exposure of the unprotected individual.
orprotectiveclothinghavinganycombinationofthefollowing
3.1.9 protective ensemble, n—thecombinationofprotective
characteristics:
clothingwithrespiratoryprotectiveequipment,hoods,helmets,
(1)theprotectiveensembleorclothingisconstructedofair
gloves, boots, communication systems, cooling devices, and
permeable, semipermeable, or impermeable fabrics,
other accessories intended to protect the wearer from a
(2) the protective ensemble or clothing is of a single or
potential hazard when worn together.
multi-layered design, or
3.1.9.1 Discussion—For evaluating the integrity of protec-
(3) the protective ensemble or clothing is constructed of
tive ensembles against chemical agent vapor simulant, the
inert or sorptive fabrics.
protective ensemble includes all those clothing items or acces-
5.3 MeS has been used as a simulant for chemical warfare
sories, which are necessary to provide resistance to inward
agents. MeS is primarily a simulant for distilled mustard (HD)
leakage by chemical vapors.
withasimilarvaporpressure,density,andwatersolubility.The
3.1.10 systemic physiological protective dosage factor (PP-
use of MeS in vapor form does not simulate all agents or
DF ), n—aphysiologicalprotectivedosagefactordetermined
sys
hazardous substances to which ensemble wearers are poten-
for the entire ensemble.
tially exposed.
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to protective
5.4 The principal results of this test are physiological
clothing used in this test method, refer toTerminology F1494.
protectivedosagefactorsthatindicatetherelativeeffectiveness
of the ensemble in preventing the inward leakage of the
4. Summary of Test Method
chemicalagentvaporsimulantanditsconsequentdosagetothe
4.1 This test method establishes procedures for testing
wearer’s skin as determined by the use and placement of
complete protective ensembles worn by test subjects when
personal adsorbent devices (PAD) on human test subjects.
exposed to chemical agent vapor simulant. Methyl salicylate
5.4.1 Specific information on inward leakage of chemical
(MeS) is used to simulate chemical agent vapor penetration
agent vapor simulant is provided by local physiological pro-
through ensemble interfaces and openings.
tective dosage factors for individual PAD locations to assist in
4.2 This test method tests the integrity of a protective
determining possible points of entry of the chemical agent
ensemble by the placement of personal adsorbent devices
vapor simulant into the ensemble.
(PADs) containing sorbent material onto the test subjects at
5.4.2 The determination of the local physiological protec-
specific locations on the body.
tive dosage factors is based on ratio of the outside exposure
4.3 Aftertestsubjectswearingtheensembletobeevaluated
dosage to the inside exposure dosage on the wearer’s skin at
finish a series of activities inside the test chamber, these PADs
specific locations of the body and accounts for the specific
are removed from the test subject and analyzed for MeS.
susceptibility of the average human’s skin at those locations to
4.4 Data obtained from the individual PADs are used to
the effects of blister agent, distilled mustard using the onset of
determine the integrity of the ensemble at each body location
symptoms exposure dosages (OSED) at different points on the
and for the overall ensemble.
body. The specific OSED values used in this test method are
based on the exposure concentration of distilled mustard that
5. Significance and Use
cause threshold effects to the average individual human in the
5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the integrity for
form of reversible skin ulceration and blistering (1).
complete ensembles that are potentially exposed to chemical
5.4.3 The body locations chosen for the placement of PADs
warfare agents and other chemical substances in vapor form.
werechosentorepresenttherangeofbodyareasonthehuman
5.1.1 This test method differs from Test Method F1052 by
body, with preference to those body areas generally near
providing an evaluation of ensembles worn on human test
interfacesfoundincommontwo-pieceensembleswithseparate
subjectsandmeasuringtheinwardleakageofachemicalagent
respirator, gloves, and footwear. Additional locations are per-
vapor simulant as it would be absorbed by the wearer’s skin.
mitted to be used for the placement of PAD where there are
TestMethodF1052isnotapplicabletotherangeofprotective
specific areas of interest for evaluating the inward leakage of
ensembles that are evaluated by this test method.
the chemical agent vapor simulant.
5.1.2 This test method differs from Test Method F1359 by
using a chemical agent vapor simulant as compared to a liquid
NOTE 1—Common interface areas for protective ensemble include the
challenge and in the use of human test subjects. This test hood to respirator facemask, clothing or suit closure, upper torso garment
F2588–06
to lower torso garment, garment sleeve to glove, and garment pant cuff to
6.1.1 Provides a minimum volume of sufficient dimensions
footwear.
to permit free movement of the test subject(s) when fully
dressed in the ensemble.
5.4.4 An assessment of the integrity for the entire ensemble
6.1.2 Maintainsatemperatureof27 65°C[80 610°F]and
is provided by a systemic physiological protective dosage
relative humidity of 65 6 20%.
factor. The same PAD data are used in a body region hazard
6.1.3 Provides a nominal range of wind speed of 0.9–2.2
analysis to determine the overall physiological protective
m/s [2–5 mph].
dosage factor accounting for the areas of the body represented
6.2 Other Test Facilities—Areas for the test operator(s),
by the location, and the relative effects of the nerve agent,VX.
dressing, decontamination, first stage undressing, and second
Asystemicanalysisassistsintheevaluationforthosechemical
stage undressing.
agents,suchasnerveagents,affectingthehumanbodythrough
6.2.1 A test operator area shall be located immediately
a cumulative dose absorbed by the skin (2).
adjacent to the test chamber and shall include the monitoring
5.4.5 Examples of analyses applying PAD data for the
equipment for the test chamber MeS concentration, tempera-
assessmentofensembleinwardleakageresistanceareprovided
ture, humidity, and air speed. The test operator area shall
inNFPA1971, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural
include a means for test operators to directly observe test
and Proximity Fire Fighting, and NFPA1994, Standard on
subject(s) in the chamber.
Protective Ensemble for CBRN Terrorism Incidents.
6.2.2 The dressing area shall be located away from the test
5.4.6 The general procedures in this test method are based
chamber to ensure that this area is free from contamination by
on Test Operations Procedure (TOP 10-2-022), Man-In-
the test agent.
Simulant Test (MIST) - Chemical Vapor Testing of Chemical/
6.2.3 The area for decontamination shall be well ventilated,
Biological Protective Suits.
away from the test chamber, and one that permits ready
drainage of wash water.
5.5 The human subject activities allow for changes in
6.2.4 The first stage undressing area shall be adjacent to the
ensemble integrity during the wearing of the ensemble. These
decontamination area, but well away from the test chamber.
activities are primarily based on stationary activities provided
6.2.5 Thesecondstageundressingareashallbeadjacentand
in Part A of Practices F1154 and are intended to create
accessible to the first stage undressing area.
movements that are likely to affect the integrity of the
6.3 MeS Generator, a vapor generator that must be capable
ensemble and its interface areas.Additional activities (such as
of operation by remote control from the test operator area and
dragging a dummy and climbing a ladder) have been added to
shall be able to dispense MeS at the controlled rate required to
simulateactivitiesthatmightbeusedbyfirstrespondersduring
maintain vapor concentration at a level that is 615 mg/m of
emergency events such as rescuing victims from a terrorism
the target concentration. (also see 12.1.2).
incident involving chemical agents. The test method permits
6.4 MeS Detector, a detector capable of providing a real-
themodificationoftheactivityprotocoltosimulatethespecific
time analysis of the MeS concentration in the test chamber.
needs of the protective ensemble application.
6.5 Refrigerator—capable of maintaining a temperature of
5.6 The length of the human subject exposure to the
4.0 6 3°C [38.6 6 5°F].
chemical agent vapor simulant is set at 30 min in the test
6.6 Analytical equipment and supplies, used for extracting
chamber with a 5 min decontamination period. This test
MeS from the adsorbent used in the PADs and providing an
duration is intended to replicate a possible exposure of a first
analysis of the extracted MeS concentration.The sensitivity of
responder during a terrorism incident involving chemical
the analytical technique shall provide for a detectio
...