ASTM F1890-04

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An American National Standard
Designation:F1890–04
Standard Test Method for
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Measuring Softball Bat Performance Factor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 center of percussion (COP), n—also known as the
center of oscillation, the length of a simple pendulum with the
1.1 This test method covers a method for determining bat
same period as a physical pendulum, as in a bat oscillating on
performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution
a pivot. Forces and impacts at this location will not induce
(BBCOR), deriving the bat performance factor (BPF) and
axial reactions at the pivot point.
calculating a batted ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to
3.1.5 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—measure of impact
softball bats of any construction or material. The method
efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after
provides a quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance
impact divided by the relative speed of the objects before
that may be used for comparison purposes.
impact.
1.2 The BBCOR, BPF, and BBS are each calculated from
3.1.6 cycle—one complete performance of the oscillation of
measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment
the bat, specifically, one full swing of the bat.
meeting the requirements defined in this specification.
3.1.7 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distri-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
bution relative to an axis of rotation. It is the product of the
as the standard.
mass multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
summed over the entire bat.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.8 period, n—time required for a pendulum to oscillate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
through one complete cycle.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 This test method offers a laboratory means to compare
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the performance of a softball bat.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Use of this test method can provide sports governing
F 1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Res-
bodies a means to compare calculated BBS and other physical
titution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
properties of the bat for the purposes of controlling the game.
F 1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of
Baseballs and Softballs
5. Apparatus
3. Terminology 5.1 Bat COP Test Apparatus:
5.1.1 Ruler, suitable for measuring lengths up to 42 in.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(1067 mm) to the nearest 0.031 in. (0.79 mm).
3.1.1 balance point, n—distance to the center of mass of a
5.1.2 Weight Scale, suitable for measuring weight up to 48
bat when measured from the distal end of the bat knob.
oz (1360 g) to the nearest 0.0035 oz (0.1 g).
3.1.2 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR
5.1.3 Electronic Timer, suitable device for measuring time
of a specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in this test
to the nearest 1 µs (0.000001 s).
method. See coeffıcient of restitution (COR).
5.1.4 MOI Stand—Aframe with a pivoting bat collar-clamp
3.1.3 bat performance factor (BPF), n—ratio of BBCOR to
large enough to allow a bat held in a vertical position to swing
ball COR as defined in this test method.
freely (see Fig. 1).
5.1.5 Bat Collar-Clamp—A part of the MOI stand that
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
allows quick accurate mounting of the bat without a variable
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.26 on
MOI effect due to the clamp with a maximum MOI of 4
Baseball and Softball Equipment and Facilities.
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oz-in. (0.8 kg-cm ) measured about the bat pivot location. A
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
lightweight clamp or collar that can hold the weight of a bat
in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1890 – 01.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and provide a fixed pivot location. Collar shall be rotationally
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
balanced (see Fig. 1).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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