ASTM D2197-98(2002)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 2197 – 98 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This method has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope beneath a rounded stylus or loop that is loaded in increasing
amounts until the coating is removed from the substrate
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the adhe-
surface.
sion of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and lacquer
when applied to smooth, flat (planar) panel surfaces.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Coatings to perform satisfactorily must adhere to the
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
substrates on which they are applied. This test method has been
information only.
found useful in differentiating the degree of adhesion of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
coatings to substrates. It is most useful in providing relative
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
differences in adhesion.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Studies performed in a laboratory using the loop stylus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specified in the previous edition showed meaningful adhesion
2. Referenced Documents data were impossible when loads of 10 to 20 kg were required
to break the surface of a solvent based coating. The chrome
2.1 ASTM Standards:
plated loop stylus chattered and skipped across the coating
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
surface when loads of this magnitude were required. Similar
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
meaningless data were obtained when powder coatings were
Related Coating Products
tested that required more than 10 kg to break the surface.
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
2 Therefore, testing under these conditions is not applicable.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
5. Apparatus
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
5.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D 823.
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
5.2 Film-Thickness Measuring Apparatus, as described in
Dry-Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
2 Test Methods D 1005, D 1186, or D 1400.
a Ferrous Base
5.3 Balanced Beam, Scrape Adhesion Tester (Figs. 1 and
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
2), consisting of a balanced beam to which is secured a
Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to
2 platform for supporting weights, and a rod at an angle of 45°
a Nonferrous Metal Base
that holds the scraping loop. The rod shall be set so that the
3. Summary of Test Method scraping loop contacts test surfaces directly below the weights.
The loop shall be ⁄16-in. (1.6-mm) diameter rod, bent into a
3.1 The materials under test are applied at uniform thickness
“U” shape with an outside radius of 0.128 60.002 in. (3.25
to flat panels, usually sheet metal of uniform surface texture.
60.05 mm) and hardened to Rockwell HRC 56 to 58, and shall
After drying, the adhesion is determined by pushing the panels
be a smooth finish. The loop can be either chromium plated,
nickel plated, or heat treated polished steel, as agreed upon
between the purchaser and the supplier. These testers are
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
adjustable to accommodate flat, metallic, and nonmetallic
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films. Current
specimens to 0.5-in. (12-mm) thick and 4 to 16 in. (100 to 400
edition approved Feb. 10, 1998. Published October 1998. Originally published as
e1 mm) wide and long; the specimen should be at least ⁄2-in.
D 2197 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2197 – 86 (1991) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. (12-mm) wide.
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D 2197
FIG. 1 Balanced-Beam Scrape-Adhesion Tester
FIG. 2 Balanced Beam Scrape Adhesion and Mar Tester
6. Preparation of Specimens the operator’s right and allows freedom to move the test
specimen manually under the weighted scraping element
6.1 Apply the materials under test to panels of the compo-
(loop). Adjust the main bearing support so that the beam is
sition and surface condition on which it is desired to determine
balanced in the horizontal plane when the loop is just touching
adhesion. The panel material (6.1.1), surface preparation,
the specimen surface.
thickness, and number of coats shall be sp
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