ASTM F2180-17

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of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2180 − 02 (Reapproved 2015) F2180 − 17
Standard Specification for
Metallic Implantable Strands and Cables
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the materials, dimensional tolerances, constructions, and mechanical properties for standard
metallic implantable strands and cables.
1.2 This specification is intended to assist in the development of specific strand and cable specifications. It is particularly
appropriate for high load bearing applications. It is not intended however, to address all of the possible variations in construction,
material, or properties.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
F86 Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Metallic Surgical Implants
F90 Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS
R30605)
F136 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant
Applications (UNS R56401)
F138 Specification for Wrought 18Chromium-14Nickel-2.5Molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants
(UNS S31673)
F562 Specification for Wrought 35Cobalt-35Nickel-20Chromium-10Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications
(UNS R30035)
F1058 Specification for Wrought 40Cobalt-20Chromium-16Iron-15Nickel-7Molybdenum Alloy Wire, Strip, and Strip Bar for
Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R30003 and UNS R30008)
F1295 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-7Niobium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56700)
F1314 Specification for Wrought Nitrogen Strengthened 22 Chromium–13 Nickel–5 Manganese–2.5 Molybdenum Stainless
Steel Alloy Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS S20910)
F1341 Specification for Unalloyed Titanium Wire UNS R50250, UNS R50400, UNS R50550, UNS R50700, for Surgical
Implant Applications (Withdrawn 2006)
F2503 Practice for Marking Medical Devices and Other Items for Safety in the Magnetic Resonance Environment
2.2 American Society for Quality (ASQ) Standard:ISO Standards:
ASQ C1ISO 9001 Specification of General Requirements for a Quality ProgramQuality Management Systems—Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.21 on Osteosynthesis.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Feb. 1, 2017. Published October 2015March 2017. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
ε1
F2180 – 02 (2011)(2015). . DOI: 10.1520/F2180-02R15.10.1520/F2180-17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203, http://www.asq.org.National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd
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Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2180 − 17
2.3 Department of Defense Specifications:
MIL-DTL-83420J Wire Rope, Flexible, For Aircraft Control
MIL-DTL-83420/1B Wire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Composition A
MIL-DTL-83420/2B Wire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Composition B
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cable, n—a group of strands helically twisted together.
3.1.2 diameter, n—the distance between opposing points across the circle circumscribing either the strand or cable as illustrated
in Figs. 1 and 2 (see MIL-DTL-83420J, MIL-DTL-83420/1B and MIL-DTL-83420/2B).
3.1.3 lay (or twist), n—the helical form taken by the wires in a strand and by the strands in a cable (see MIL-DTL-83420J).
Available from DODSSP, Building 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5098.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
In a “Right Lay” situation, the wires of the strand (or the strands in a cable) are oriented in the same direction as the thread on
a right-hand screw.
3.1.4 length of lay (or pitch), n—the distance parallel to the axis of the strand (or cable) in which a wire (or strand) makes one
complete turn about the axis.
3.1.5 M×N, n—the construction designation for strands and cables. In this construction designation M represents the number
of strands in the cable and N represents the number of wires in each strand.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
Some examples of strand constructions are 1×7 and 1×3. Similar examples of cable constructions are 7×7 and 7×19.
3.1.6 strand, n—a group of wires helically twisted together.
3.1.7 wire, n—an individual element (typically a cylindrical rod) making up a strand.
4. General Requirements
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all requirements of the current editions of Specifications F90, F136,
F138, F562, F1058, F1295, F1314, and F1341 shall apply.
4.2 In cases of conflict between this specification and those listed in 2.1, this specification shall take precedence.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Inquiries and orders under this specification shall include the following information:
5.1.1 Quantity (weight, length, or number of pieces),
5.1.2 ASTM designation,
5.1.3 Material (ASTM designation),
FIG. 1 Standard Stranding Constructions
F2180 − 17
FIG. 2 Standard Cabling Constructions
5.1.4 Condition,
5.1.5 Construction,
5.1.6 Applicable dimensions (including diameter, length(s) of lay, and length),
5.1.7 Mechanical properties (including breaking force),
5.1.8 Special requirements, and
5.1.9 Special tests.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Wires—Implantable strands and cables shall be manufactured using equivalent size wires.
6.2 Condition—Implantable strands and cables shall be supplied in the cold-worked, cold-worked and stress-relieved, or
annealed condition.
6.3 Finish—Types of finish available in strands and cables are cold-drawn, pickled, swaged, or as specified by the customer.
7. Stranding
7.1 The standard strand constructions are illustrated in Fig. 1. These constructions are described in the following manner:
7.1.1 1×3 Strand—This construction is characterized by a left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 4 to 10 times the nominal strand
diameter.
7.1.2 1×7 Strand—This construction is characterized by a left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 8 to 16 times the nominal strand
diameter.
7.1.3 1×19 Strand—This construction is characterized by an inner 1×7 strand with a right-hand lay and a uniform pitch of 8
to 12 times the nominal strand diameter. The outer 12 wires have a left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 9 to 11 times the nominal
strand diameter.
7.2 Strands may be ordered to constructions other than those specified above as determined by the customer and supplier.
8. Cabling
8.1 The standard cabling constructions are illustrated in Fig. 2. These constructions
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