ASTM D8020-15

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Designation:D8020 −15
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-Thaw Viscosity Stability of Water-Based Inks and Ink
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Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8020; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope thawing. After cycling, the ink or ink vehicle is examined for
changes in viscosity and uniformity.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the
effect of freeze-thaw cycling on the properties of water-based
4. Significance and Use
inks and ink vehicles.
4.1 When waterborne inks and ink vehicles are shipped
1.2 This test is based on a similar standard test for coatings;
during cold weather, these materials may experience cycles of
Test Method D2243.
freezing and thawing. This can damage the material rendering
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
it unusable.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.2 Cycles of freezing and thawing can cause more damage
only.
to waterborne inks or ink vehicles than when the inks or ink
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
vehicles are subjected to steady freezing.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Test Chamber, a suitable cabinet, room, or enclosure
space large enough to contain the specimens to be tested
2. Referenced Documents
permitting at least 25 mm (1 in.) of air space between the sides
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of adjacent jars and capable of being maintained continuously
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at a temperature of –18°C (0°F).
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
NOTE1—Althoughavariationofthetestchambertemperatureof 62°C
Borne Coatings
(3.5°F) is allowed, the test chamber temperature should be maintained as
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
near –18°C (0°F) as practicable and the amount of variation should be
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
recorded and reported.
D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity
5.2 Viscometer, a dip-type viscosity cup as described in Test
Cups
Method D4212 or a Brookfield type viscometer as described in
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Test Methods D2196.
ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.3 Recirculating Water Bath, capable of maintaining a
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
temperature of 25 6 1°C (77 61.8°F).
5.4 Cylindrical Container, with a capacity of 0.5-L (1-pt),
3. Summary of Test Method
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85 mm (3 ⁄8 in.) diameter to contain the test specimen during
3.1 The waterborne ink or ink vehicle is placed into two
testing.
237-mL plastic jars. One jar is stored at room temperature,
5.5 Spatula.
while the other jar is subjected to cycles of freezing and
6. Sampling and Test Specimens
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
6.1 Ensure that the bulk sample from which the jars are
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
filled is well stirred and uniform, the containers used are clean,
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
and the lids are applied promptly to the jars to prevent
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
D8020-15.
evaporation losses. Prepare two specimens for testing by filling
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
0.5-L plastic jars with 400 mL of the ink or ink vehicle.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Identify one as the test specimen and the other as the control
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specimen.
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D8020−15
7. Procedure 9.1.3 The number of cycles passed by the test specimen.
7.1 Stir the specimen by hand and measure its viscosity in
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10. Precision and Bias
accordance with Test Methods D4212 or D2196.
10.1 The precision of this test method is based on an
7.2 Store the control specimen at room temperature.
interlaboratory study of ASTM D8020, Test Method for
7.3 Place the test specimen in the chamber maintained at
Freeze-Thaw Viscosity Stability of Water-Based Inks and Ink
–18°C (0°F) in such a manner that it does not touch the walls
Vehicles, conducted in 2013. A
...