ASTM D5146-98

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Designation: D 5146 – 98
Standard Guide to
Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 93 Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Tester
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D 154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
for testing solvent-borne coatings to be used on exterior,
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
interior or both types of surfaces (see Note 1). The properties
Pastes, and Paints
that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test
D 215 Practice for Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil
procedures are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
Paints
NOTE 1—The term “architectural coating” as used here combines the
D 344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
definition in Terminology D 16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
Dictionary, as follows: “Organic coatings intended for on-site application
D 358 Specification for Wood to be Used as Panels in
to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or
Weathering Tests of Coatings
industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective
D 522 Test Method for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often called
Trade Sales Coatings.” (See 2.3.)
Organic Coatings
NOTE 2—Architectural coatings that are designed to give better perfor-
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
mance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and more
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
stain- and abrasion-resistant are covered by Guide D 3730.
Stormer Viscometer
1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are
D 658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
as follows:
Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive
(1) Type 1 Interior Low-Gloss Wall Finish,
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
(2) Type 2 Interior Gloss and Semigloss Wall and Trim
Exterior Paints
Enamels,
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
(3) Type 3 Exterior House and Trim Coatings, and
Exterior Paints
(4) Type 4 Floor Enamel, Exterior and/or Interior.
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling,
Exterior Paints
spraying, or other means to the materials appropriate for its
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
type, which may include wood, plaster, wallboard, masonry,
ing) of Exterior Paints
steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architectural
D 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of
substrates.
Paint
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Paints on Wood
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 1014 Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure
Tests of Paints on Steel
2. Referenced Documents
D 1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain
D 16 Terminology for Paint and Related Coatings, Materi-
Pigments
als, and Applications
D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
Related Coating, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Finishes. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
e1 5
published as D 5146-90. Last previous edition D 5146-90 . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5146–98
D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and D 3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
7 5
Diluents Uniformity
D 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on D 4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
5 2
Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes by Karl Fischer Method
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
2 2
and Related Products Coating by the Taber Abraser
D 1543 Test Method for Color Permanence of White Archi- D 4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down
8 5
tectural Enamels Method
D 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and D 4213 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by
6 5
Particle Panel Materials Abrasion Weight Loss
D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing or Film Formation D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of
2 2
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature Exterior Paint Films
D 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Differences D 4287 Test Method for High Shear Viscosity Using the ICI
2 2
of Opaque Materials Cone/Plate Viscometer
D 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint D 4400 Test Methods for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a
D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- Multinotch Applicator
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield) Viscom- D 4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
2 2
eter Using Controlled Condensation
D 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by D 4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter Resistance
2 5
Scrape Adhesion During Roller Application
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences D 4828 Test Method for Practical Washability of Organic
2 5
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates Coatings
D 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acids D 4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
2 5
in Solvent-Reducible Paints Latex Paints
2 9
D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic E 313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
2 2
Coatings Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent- E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
2 2
Reducible Paints surement by Tristimulus (Filter) colorimetry
D 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle from Solvent- 2.2 U.S. Federal Standard:
2 10
Reducible Paints Federal Test Method Standard No. 141
D 2486 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Interior Latex 2112 Application by Roller
Flat Wall Paints 2131 Application of Sprayed Films
D 2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle 2141 Application of Brushed Films
Solids from Solvent-Reducible Paints 3011 Condition in Container
D 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in 4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability
Clear or Pigmented Coatings 4401 Odor Test
D 2698 Test Method for Determination of the Pigment 4421 Absorption Test
Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High Speed Cen- 4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film
trifuging 6132 Accelerated Yellowness
D 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec- 2.3 Other Document:
tometry Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies for
D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Coatings Technology
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
3. Terminology
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape
3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-
Test
D 3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior ogy D 16, D 1554 and D 1038 and to the FSCT Paint/Coatings
Dictionary.
Architectural Coatings
D 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure
4. Conditions Affecting Solvent-Reducible Coatings
Tests Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological
4.1 Interior and Exterior Coatings:
Attack
4.1.1 Substrate Type—The substrate to be painted can affect
D 3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-
not only the application properties of a coating, such as gloss
tectural Wall Coatings
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
7 11
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Available from the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492
Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.
D5146–98
TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional Order
Property Section ASTM Standard Federal Test Method
(or related test) Standard 141
Sampling 6.2 D 3925 1022
Liquid Paint Properties
Skinning 7.1 D 154 3021
Condition in container 7.2 3011
Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.3 D 185
Density or Weight per gallon 7.4 D 1475
Fineness of dispersion 7.5 D 1210
Flash point 7.6 D 93, D 3278
Odor 7.7 D 1296 4401
Absorption 7.8 4421
Colorant acceptance 7.9
Dilution stability 7.10 4203
Package stability 7.11
Heat stability 7.11.1 D 1849
Settling 7.11.2 D 869
Coating Application and Film Formation
Application properties 8.1 4541
Brush application 8.1.1 2141
Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D 4958
Roller application 8.1.2 2112
Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D 4707
Spray application 8.1.3 2131
Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D 3928
Rhelological properties 8.3
Consistency (Low-shear viscosity) 8.3.1 D 562
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids 8.3.2 D 2196, D 4287
Sag resistance 8.3.3 D 4400 4494
Levelling properties 8.3.4 D 4062
Drying properties 8.4 D 1640 4061
Appearance of Dry Film
Color difference 9.1
Color appearance 9.1.1
Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D 1729
Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D 2244
Directional reflectance 9.2 E 1347
Gloss 9.3
Gloss, 60° 9.3.1 D 523
Sheen (85° gloss) 9.3.2 D 523
Hiding power 9.4 D 344, D 2805
Yellowness index 9.5 E 313 6131
Properties of Dry Film
Interior and Exterior Coatings 10.1
Abrasion resistance 10.1.1 D 658, D 968, D 4060 6192
Adhesion 10.1.2 D 2197, D 3359
A
Flexibility 10.1.3 D 522, D 2370 6221
Resistance to household chemicals 10.1.4 D 1308
Interior Coatings 10.2
Color change of white enamels 10.2.1 6132
Washability and cleansability 10.2.2
Washability 10.2.2.1 D 2486, D 4213
B
Cleansability 10.2.2.2 D 3450, D 4828 6141
Exterior Coatings 10.3
Blister resistance 10.3.1 D 4585
Exposure resistance 10.3.2 D 1006, D 1014
Chalking 10.3.2.2 D 4214
Checking 10.3.2.3 D 660
Cracking 10.3.2.4 D 661
Erosion 10.3.2.5 D 662
Flaking 10.3.2.6 D 772
C
Mildew resistance 10.3.3 D 3456
Fume resistance 10.3.4
Coating Analysis
Chemical analysis 11.1 D 215
Volatile content 11.2 D 2369
Nonvolatile volume content 11.3 D 2697
Water content 11.4 D 1208, D 4017 4081
Pigment content 11.5 D 2371 4021
Pigment analysis 11.6 D 215 7261
Nonvolatile vehicle content 11.7 D 215 4053
Vehicle separation 11.8 D 2372
Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.9 D 2621, D 2245
A
Equivalent only to Method B of Test Method D 522.
B
Except for scrub medium.
C
6271 is not equivalent.
D5146–98
and uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type of if others are to be accentuated. This balance of properties must
coating to use. For instance, low-gloss wall finishes do not be considered when selecting the tests and establishing the
have the abrasion resistance required on floors, whereas requirements. The significance of the tests and the normal
finishes intended only for interior service probably do not have range of values are presented in the different sections, in most
adequate resistance to weather factors. Other factors are the cases.
type and quality of metal, wood or wood composite (plywood, 5.3 This guide does not indicate relative importance of the
particle board or hardboard), the type, quality and alkalinity of various tests nor does it recommend specific test values
concrete, plaster and joint cement systems, and the type and because properties very important to one purchaser may be less
condition of any previous coatings. so to another.
4.1.2 Substrate Conditions—Conditions such as porosity,
6. Sampling
hardness or, in the case of unpainted concrete, alkalinity
6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container should
determine the kind of coating that can be applied. The
be checked since damage to it may cause evaporation, skin-
condition of previously painted substrates, such as degree of
ning, or other undesirable effects on the coating.
chalk, presence of grease, dirt, and mold, film adhesion and
6.2 Sample in accordance with Practice D 3925. Determine
porosity, all influence the performance of coatings. Smoothness
of the substrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, and the density in pounds per gallon (kilograms/litre) in accordance
with Test Method D 1475. Continue sampling and determining
texture.
4.1.3 Preparation of previously painted substrates including density until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or as
agreed upon between the purchaser and seller. Then take
detergent cleaning, solvent cleaning, and sanding.
4.1.4 Type and quality of primer or undercoat and time of samples for testing.
6.3 Specify the amount required for a representative sample,
drying before topcoating.
4.1.5 Environmental conditions such as temperature and the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1-U.S. gal (or
4-L) sample is usually sufficient for the recommended tests, but
humidity at the time of coating application and during drying.
for guidance in selecting a sampling plan consult Practice
4.2 Exterior Finishes:
E 105.
4.2.1 Substrate Weathering—Weathering of wood before
painting will probably adversely affect the performance of
7. Liquid Coating Properties
exterior coatings. Some weathering of masonry surfaces may
7.1 Skinning—Coatings that contain a binder that dries by
have beneficial effects on the performance.
oxidation may be subject to skin formation in a partially-filled
4.2.2 Substrate Aspects of the Building— If construction
can. Since skins are insoluble in th
...