ASTM E1686-10
(Guide)Standard Guide for Applying Environmental Noise Measurement Methods and Criteria
Standard Guide for Applying Environmental Noise Measurement Methods and Criteria
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Evaluation of Environmental Noise—Environmental noise is evaluated by comparing a measurement or prediction of the noise to one or more criteria. There are many different criteria and ways of measuring and specifying noise, depending on the purpose of the evaluation.
Selection of Criteria—This guide assists in selecting the appropriate criteria and measurement method to evaluate noise. In making the selection, the user should consider the following: purpose of the evaluation (compatibility, activity interference, aesthetics, comfort, annoyance, health effects, hearing damage, etc.); type of data that are available or could be available (A-weighted, octave-band, average level, maximum level, day-night level, calibrated recordings including .wav files from which various measurements could be made, etc.); available budget for instrumentation and manpower to obtain that data; and regulatory or legal requirements for the use of a specific criterion. After selecting a measurement method, the user should consult appropriate references for more detailed guidance.
4.3 Objective versus Subjective Evaluations—The overall sound environment as perceived outdoors is often called a soundscape. Soundscapes have both objective (quantitative) and subjective (qualitative) attributes. This guide is limited to the objective measurement and evaluation of sound found outdoors though the criteria used may be influenced by qualitative factors. Current soundscape research involves evaluation methods and criteria that rely extensively on qualitative factors, both acoustical and non-acoustical, while including requirements for quantitative sound measurement. Two basic tenets of quantitative soundscape measurements are that the ambient sound at a location is comprised of a combination of specific acoustic events that can be measured individually and in combinations; and that the sounds should be measured using methods that represent the ways in which they are heard by people. (1)
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers many measurement methods and criteria for evaluating environmental noise. It includes the following:
1.1.1 The use of weightings, penalties, and normalization factors;
1.1.2 Types of noise measurements and criteria, indicating their limitations and best uses;
1.1.3 Sources of criteria;
1.1.4 Recommended procedures for criteria selection;
1.1.5 A catalog of selected available criteria; and
1.1.6 Suggested applications of sound level measurements and criteria.
1.2 Criteria Selection—This guide will assist users in selecting criteria for the following:
1.2.1 Evaluating the effect of existing or potential outdoor sounds on a community; or
1.2.2 Establishing or revising local noise ordinances, codes, or bylaws, including performance standards in zoning regulations.
1.3 Reasons for Criteria—This guide discusses the many reasons for noise criteria, ways sound can be measured and specified, and advantages and disadvantages of the most widely used types of criteria. The guide refers the user to appropriate documents for more detailed information and guidance. The listing of specific criteria includes national government regulatory requirements. Users needing further general background on sound and sound measurement are directed to the books listed in the References section.
1.4 Criteria in Regulations—Certain criteria are specified to be used by government regulation, law, or ordinance for specific purposes. Ease of enforcement and cost impact on government are considerations for these criteria. They may not be the most appropriate criteria in some circumstances. This guide will discuss the limitations of these criteria.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1686 − 10
StandardGuide for
Applying Environmental Noise Measurement Methods and
1
Criteria
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide covers many measurement methods and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
criteria for evaluating environmental noise. It includes the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
following:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1.1 The use of weightings, penalties, and normalization
factors;
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.2 Types of noise measurements and criteria, indicating
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
their limitations and best uses;
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
1.1.3 Sources of criteria;
Acoustics
1.1.4 Recommended procedures for criteria selection;
E966 Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound
1.1.5 A catalog of selected available criteria; and
Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
1.1.6 Suggested applications of sound level measurements
E1014 Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-Weighted
and criteria.
Sound Levels
1.2 Criteria Selection—This guide will assist users in se-
E1503 Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Mea-
lecting criteria for the following:
surements Using a Digital Statistical Sound Analysis
1.2.1 Evaluating the effect of existing or potential outdoor
System
sounds on a community; or
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
1.2.2 Establishing or revising local noise ordinances, codes,
ANSI S1.1 Acoustical Terminology
or bylaws, including performance standards in zoning regula-
ANSI S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
tions.
ANSI S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-
1.3 Reasons for Criteria—This guide discusses the many
Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters
reasons for noise criteria, ways sound can be measured and
ANSI S1.11–1966 Specification for Octave, Half-Octave,
specified, and advantages and disadvantages of the most
and Third-Octave Band Filter Sets
widely used types of criteria. The guide refers the user to
ANSI S1.13 Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air
appropriate documents for more detailed information and
ANSI S1.43 Specifications for Integrating-Averaging Sound
guidance. The listing of specific criteria includes national
Level Meters
government regulatory requirements. Users needing further
ANSI S3.4 Procedure for the Computation of Loudness of
general background on sound and sound measurement are
Noise
directed to the books listed in the References section.
ANSI S3.14 Rating Noise with Respect to Speech Interfer-
1.4 Criteria in Regulations—Certain criteria are specified to
ence
be used by government regulation, law, or ordinance for
ANSI S12.4 Method forAssessment of High-Energy Impul-
specific purposes. Ease of enforcement and cost impact on sive Sounds with Respect to Residential Communities
government are considerations for these criteria. They may not
ANSI S12.7 Methods for Measurement of Impulse Noise
be the most appropriate criteria in some circumstances. This
guide will discuss the limitations of these criteria.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Building and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
EnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.09on the ASTM website.
3
Community Noise. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Available from American National Standards
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in E1686–02. DOI: 10.1520/ Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://
E1686-10. www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1686 − 10
ANSI S12.9 Quantities and Procedures for Description and 3.2.5 normalization, n—as applied to the evaluation of
Measurement of Environmental Sound, Part 1 noise in communities, the practice of adjusting a measured
Part 2–Measurement of Long-Term, Wide-Area Sound sound level to compare to criteria that are based on conditions
Par
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1686–03 Designation:E1686–10
Standard Guide for
Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and
CriteriaApplying Environmental Noise Measurement
1
Methods and Criteria
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers many measurement methods and criteria for evaluating environmental noise. It includes the following:
1.1.1 The use of weightings, penalties, and normalization factors;
1.1.2 Types of noise measurements and criteria, indicating their limitations and best uses;
1.1.3 Sources of criteria;
1.1.4 Recommended procedures for criteria selection;
1.1.5 A catalog of selected available criteria; and
1.1.6 Suggested applications of sound level measurements and criteria.
1.2 Criteria Selection—This guide will assist users in selecting criteria for the following:
1.2.1 Evaluating the effect of existing or potential outdoor sounds on a community; or
1.2.2 Establishing or revising local noise ordinances, codes, or bylaws, including performance standards in zoning regulations;
or
1.2.3Evaluating sound indoors that originated from outside sources. regulations.
1.3 Reasons for Criteria—This guide discusses the many reasons for noise criteria, ways sound can be measured and specified,
and advantages and disadvantages of the most widely used types of criteria. The guide refers the user to appropriate documents
for more detailed information and guidance. The listing of specific criteria includes national government regulatory requirements.
Users needing further general background on sound and sound measurement are directed to the books listed in the References
section.
1.4 Criteria in Regulations—Certain criteria are specified to be used by government regulation, law, or ordinance for specific
purposes. Ease of enforcement and cost impact on government are considerations for these criteria. They may not be the most
appropriate criteria in some circumstances. This guide will discuss the limitations of these criteria.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
E966 Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound InsulationAttenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
E1014 Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-Weighted Sound Levels
E1503 Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a Digital Statistical Sound Analysis System
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ANSI S1.1 Acoustical Terminology
ANSI S1.4American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters Specification for Sound Level Meters
ANSI S1.11American National Standard Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-BandAnalog and Digital Filters
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.09 on
Community Noise.
Current edition approved Oct.Sept. 1, 2003.2010. Published October 2003.2010. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in E1686–02. DOI:
10.1520/E1686-103.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Available from American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1686–10
Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters
ANSI S1.11–1966 Specification for Octave, Half-Octave, and Third-Octave Band Filter Set
...
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