ASTM B965-09

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Designation:B965 −09
StandardSpecification for
High Performance Tin-Coated Annealed Copper Wire
Intended for Electrical and Electronic Application for
Solderability
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B965; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope NBS Handbook 100Copper Wire Tables
1.1 This specification covers tin-coated annealed copper
3. Ordering Information
wire intended for electrical and electronic applications where
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
solderability is a requirement.
the following information:
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3.1.1 Quantity of each size,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.2 Wire size-diameter in inches (see 5.3 and Table 1),
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.3 Type of copper, if special (see 4.2),
and are not considered standard.
3.1.4 Package size (see 10.1),
1.2.1 Exceptions—The SI values for density, resistivity, and
3.1.5 Special packaging marking, if required, and
volume are to be regarded as standard.
3.1.6 Place of inspection (see 7.1).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Material
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Tin for Coating—The tin shall be electroplated for the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
coating and shall be commercially pure (Explanatory Note 1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For purposes of this specification, the tin shall be considered
commercially pure if the total of other elements, exclusive of
2. Referenced Documents
copper, does not exceed 1 %. Not withstanding the previous
2 sentence,chemicalanalysisofthetincoatingorofthetinused
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for coating shall not be required under this specification.
B49Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Elec-
trical Purposes 4.2 Copper-Base Metal—The base metal shall be copper of
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
such quality and purity that the finished product shall have
Materials properties and characteristics prescribed in this specification.
B258 Specification for Nominal Diameters and Cross- NOTE 1—Specification B49 defines copper suitable for use.
SectionalAreasofAWGSizesofSolidRoundWiresUsed
5. General Requirements (See Section 8)
as Electrical Conductors
5.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (Explanatory Note
2.2 Other Standards:
4)—The tinned wire shall conform to the requirements for
IPC/ECA J-STD-002 Solderability Test for Component
elongation prescribed in Table 1. No requirements for tensile
Leads, Lugs, Terminals and Wires
strength are specified. For wire whose nominal diameter is
more than 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) greater than a size listed in
Table 1, but less than that of the next larger size, the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on
requirements of the next larger size shall apply.
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.04 on
Conductors of Copper and Copper Alloys.
5.2 Resistivity (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 3)—The elec-
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
trical resistivity of tinned wire at a temperature of 20°C shall
B0965-09.
not exceed the values prescribed in Table 2.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
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B965−09
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
5.5 Thickness of Coating—The wire shall have adequate
Diameter Area at 20°C Elongation free tin (Explanatory Note 1) to insure meeting solderability
2 2
in. mm cmil in. mm in
requirements as prescribed in 5.8. The thickness of coating
10 in. (250
shall be at the manufacturer’s discretion or as agreed upon
mm),
%min between the manufacturer and purchaser to insure compliance
0.4600 11.684 211 600 0.1662 107.0 30
to 5.8 and further processing for solderability performance
0.4096 10.404 167 800 0.1318 85.0 30
after insulation.
0.3648 9.266 133 100 0.1045 67.4 30
0.3249 8.252 105 600 0.08291 53.5 30
5.6 Adherence of Coating—The tin coating shall be firmly
0.2893 7.348 83 690 0.06573 42.4 25 adherenttothesurfaceofthecopper.Theadherenceofcoating
0.2576 6.543 66 360 0.05212 33.6 25
on the wire shall be determined on representative samples
0.2294 5.827 52 620 0.04133 26.7 25
taken after electroplating and prior to final drawing. The
0.2043 5.189 41 740 0.03278 21.2 25
adherence of coating shall be determined by the wrapping test
0.1819 4.620 33 090 0.02599 16.8 25
in accordance with 6.6.
0.1620 4.115 26 240 0.02061 13.3 25
0.1443 3.665 20 820 0.01635 10.5 25
5.7 Joints—Necessary joints in the completed wire and in
0.1285 3.264 16 510 0.01297 8.37 25
the wire and rods prior to final drawing shall be made in
accordance with the best commercial practice.
0.1144 2.906 13 090 0.01028 6.63 25
0.1019 2.588 10 380 0.008155 5.26 20
5.8 Solderability—The solder must cover greater than 95 %
0.0907 2.304 8 230 0.00646 4.17 20
0.0808 2.052 6 530 0.00513 3.31 20
of the surface of the specimen and show evidence of good
wetting and of bonding. The solderability shall be tested in
0.0720 1.829 5 180 0.00407 2.63 20
accordance with 6.7.
0.0641 1.628 4 110 0.00323 2.08 20
0.0571 1.450 3 260 0.00256 1.65 20
5.9 Finish—The coating shall consist of a smooth continu-
0.0508 1.290 2 580 0.00203 1.31 20
ouslayer,firmlyadherenttothesurfaceofthecopper.Thewire
0.0453 1.151 2 050 0.00161 1.04 20
shall be free of all imperfections not consistent with the best
0.0403 1.024 1 620 0.00128 0.823 20
commercial practice.
0.0359 0.912 1 290 0.00101 0.654 20
0.0320 0.813 1 020 0.000804 0.517 20
6. Test Methods
0.0285 0.724 812 0.000638 0.411 20
0.0253 0.643 640 0.000503 0.324 20
6.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (Explanatory Note 4)
0.0226 0.574 511 0.000401 0.259 20
6.1.1 No test for tensile strength shall be required.
0.0201 0.511 404 0.000317 0.205 15
6.1.2 The elongation of wire with a nominal diameter
0.0179 0.455 320 0.000252 0.162 15
greater than 0.0808 in. (2.052 mm) shall be determined as the
0.0159 0.404 253 0.000199 0.128 15
permanent increase in length due to the breaking of the wire in
0.0142 0.361 202 0.000158 0.102 15
tension.Theelongationshallbemeasuredbetweengagemarks
0.0126 0.320 159 0.000125 0.081 15
placedoriginally10in.(242mm)apartuponthetestspecimen
0.0113 0.287 128 0.000100 0.065 15
and expressed in percent of the original length.
0.0100 0.254 100 0.0000785 0.051 10
0.0089 0.226 79.2 0.0000622 0.040 10 6.1.3 The elongation of wire with a nominal diameter equal
0.0080 0.203 64.0 0.0000503 0.032 10
to or less than 0.0808 in. (2.053 mm) may be determined as
describedaboveorbymeasurementsmadebetweenthejawsof
0.0071 0.180 50.4 0.0000396 0.026 10
0.0063 0.160 39.7 0.0000312 0.020 10
the testing machine. When measurements are made between
0.0056 0.142 31.4 0.0000246 0.016 10
thejaws,thezerolengthshallbethedistancebetweenthejaws
0.0050 0.127 25.0 0.0000196 0.013 10
at the start of the tension test and be as near 10 in. (254 mm)
0.0045 0.114 20.2 0.0000159 0.010 10
as practicable. The final length shall be the distance between
0.0040 0.102 16.0 0.0000126 0.0081 10
the jaws at the time of rupture. The fracture shall be between
0.0035 0.089 12.2 0.00000962 0.0062 10
gage marks or jaws of the testing machine, depending on
0.0031 0.079 9.61 0.00000755 0.0049 10
methodused,andnotcloserthan1in.(25.4mm)toeithergage
mark or jaw.
5.3 Dimensions and Permissible Variations (Explanatory 6.2 Resistivity (Explanatory Note 3)—The electrical resis-
tivity of the material shall be determined in accordance with
Note 2)—The wire sizes shall be expressed as the diameter of
thewireindecimalfractionsofaninchtothenearest0.0001in. TestMethodB193.Thepurchasermayacceptcertificationthat
the wire was drawn from rod stock meeting the international
(0.0025 mm). The tin-coated wire shall not vary from the
specified diameter by more than the amounts prescribed in standard for annealed copper instead of resistivity tests on the
finished wire.
Table 3.
5.4 Continuity of Coating—Thetincoatingshallbecontinu- 6.3 Dimensional Measurements—Dimensional measure-
ous. The continuity of coating on the wire shall be determined ments shall be made with a micrometer caliper equipped with
on representative samples taken before stranding or insulating. a vernier graduated in 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm). Measurements
The continuity of tinning shall be determined by the hydro- shall be made on at least three places on each unit selected for
chloric acid-sodium polysulfide test in accordance with 6.4. thistest.Ifaccessible,onemeasurementshallbetakenoneach
B965−09
TABLE 2 Electrical Resistivity Requirements
Nominal Diameter Resistivity at 20°C
2 2
in. mm Ω·lb/mile Ω·g/m
0.460 to 0.290, incl 11.7 to 7.4, incl 896.15 0.15695
Under 0.290 to 0.103, incl Under 7.4 to 2.6, incl 900.77 0.15776
Under 0.103 to 0.0201, incl Under 2.6 to 0.51, incl 910.15 0.15940
Under 0.0201 to 0.0111, incl Under 0.51 to 0.28, incl 929.52 0.16279
Under 0.0111 to 0.0030, incl Under 0.28 to 0.076, incl 939.51 0.16454
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Diameter
Nominal Diameter of Wire Permissible Variations in Diameter
in. mm
in. mm plus minus plus minus
Under Under 0.0003 0.00010 0.0076 0.0025
0.0100 0.25
0.0100 0.25 and 3% 1% 3% 1%
and over over
end and one near the middle. The average of the three allowed to stand for at least 24 h. The test solution shall be
measurements shall determine compliance with the require- made by diluting a portion of the concentrated solution with
ments. distilled water to a specific gravity of 1.135 to 1.145 at 15.6°C
(60°F). The sodium polysulfide test solution should have
6.4 Continuity of Coating:
sufficient strength to blacken thoroughly a piece of clean
6.4.1 Length of Specimens—Test specimens shall have a
untinned copper wire in 5 s. The test solution used for testing
lengthofabout6in.(152mm).Theyshallbetaggedormarked
samples shall be considered exhausted if it fails to blacken a
tocorrespondwiththecoil,spool,orreelfromwhichtheywere
piece of clean copper as described above.
cut.
6.4.4 Procedure:
6.4.2 Treatment of Specimens—The specimens shall be
6.4.4.1 Immersion of Specimens—Immerse a length of at
thoroughly cleaned by immersion in a suitable organic solvent
least 4-1/2 in. (114 mm) from each of the clean specimens, in
for at least 3 min; then removed and wiped dry with a clean,
accordance with the following cycles, in test solutions main-
soft cloth (Caution : see Explanatory Note 5). The specimens
tained at a temperature between 15.6 and 21°C (60 and 70°F):
thus cleaned shall be kept wrapped in a clean, dry cloth until
(1) Immerse the specimen for 1 min in the HCl solution
tested. That part of the specimen to be immersed in the test
described in 6.4.2, wash, and wipe dry; (2) immerse the
solution shall not be handled. Care shall be taken to avoid
specimen for 30 s in the sodium polysulfide solution described
abrasion by the cut ends.
in 6.4.2, wash, and wipe dry; (3) immerse the specimen for 1
6.4.3 Special Solutions Required :
min in the HCl solution, wash, and dry; (4) immerse the
6.4.3.1 Hydrochloric Acid Solution (HCl) (sp gr 1.088)
specimenfor30sinthesodiumpolysulfidesolution,wash,and
—Commercial HCl (sp gr 1.12) shall be diluted with distilled
wipe dry.
watertoaspecificgravityof1.088measuredat15.6°C(60°F).
6.4.4.2 Washing Specimens—After each immersion, imme-
Aportion of HCl solution having a volume of 180 mLshall be
diatelywashthespecimensthoroughlyincleanwaterandwipe
consideredtobeexhaustedwhenthenumberoftestspecimens
dry with a clean, soft cloth.
prescribed in Table 4 of a size as indicated in 6.4.3 have been
immersed in it for two cycles. 6.4.4.3 Examination of Specimens—After immersion and
6.4.3.2 Sodium Polysulfide Solution (sp gr 1.142) (Explana- washing,examinethespecimenstoascertainifcopperexposed
tory Note 6)—A concentrated solution shall be made by through openings in the tin coating has been blackened by
dissolving sodium sulfide crystals (cp) in distilled water until action of the sodium polysulfide. The specimens shall be
the solution is saturated at about 21°C (70°F), and adding considered to have failed if, by such blackening, exposed
sufficientflowersofsulfur(inexcessof250g/Lofsolution)to copper is revealed. No attention shall be paid to blackening
provide complete saturation, as shown by the presence in the within 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of the cut end. A grayish brown
solution of an excess of sulfur after the solution has been appearance of the coating shall not constitute failure.
TABLE 4 Limiting Number of Test Specimens for Coating Tests
Nominal Diameter Maximum Number of Specimens to be
Tested for 2 Cycles
in 180 mL of Acid Solution
in. mm
0.460 to 0.141, incl 11.7 to 3.6, incl 2
Under 0.141 to 0.0851, incl Under 3.6 to 2.2, incl 4
Under 0.0851 to 0.0501, incl Under 2.2 to 1.3, incl 6
Under 0.0501 to 0.0381, incl Under 1.3 to 0.97, incl 10
Under 0.0381 to 0.0301, incl Under 0.97 to 0.76, incl 12
Under 0.0301 to 0.0030, incl Under 0.76 to 0.076, incl 14
B965−09
6.5 Thickness of Coating—Conformance to free tin require- 7.1.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser
mentsmaybedeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethodAas and the manufacturer, conformance of the wire to the various
prescribed in Appendix X1. requirementslistedinSection5shallbedeterminedonsamples
taken from each lot of wire presented for acceptance.
6.6 Adherence of Coating:
7.1.4 The manufacturer shall, if requested prior to
6.6.1 Specimens:
inspection, certify that all wire in the lot was made under such
6.6.1.1 Length of Specimens—Test specimens shall be ap-
conditions that the product as a whole conforms to the
proximately 20 in. (508 mm) prior to wrapping and shall be
requirements of this specification as determined by regularly
tagged or marked to correspond with the coil, spo
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