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ASTM D7035-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation to toxic metals and metalloids. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers’ exposures, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This standard has been promulgated in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for a wide range of metals and metalloids that are used in industry. It will be of benefit to agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of metals and metalloids and their workers, and so forth.
This test method specifies a generic method for determination of the mass concentration of metals and metalloids in workplace air using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Note 2—For some elements the sampling and sample preparation steps described herein may be used for subsequent analysis by other means, for example, atomic absorption spectrometry or electroanalysis.
The analysis results can be used for the assessment of workplace exposures to metals and metalloids in workplace air.
Note 3—Refer to Guide E 1370 for guidance on the development of appropriate exposure assessment and measurement strategies.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for collection, sample preparation, and analysis of airborne particulate matter for the content of metals and metalloids using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles and to area sampling.
1.3 This method specifies a number of alternative methods for preparing test solutions from samples of airborne particulate matter. One of the specified sample preparation methods is applicable to the measurement of soluble metal or metalloid compounds. Other specified methods are applicable to the measurement of total metals and metalloids.
1.4 The following is a non-exclusive list of metals and metalloids for which one or more of the sample dissolution methods specified in this document is applicable. However, there is insufficient information available on the effectiveness of dissolution methods for those elements in italics.
1.5 The method is not applicable to the sampling of elemental mercury, or to inorganic compounds of metals and metalloids that are present in the gaseous or vapor state.
1.6 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the method.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7035-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7439-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Elements in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3269-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Mass Fraction of Particle-Bound Gold in Colloidal Gold Suspensions
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8208-19 - Standard Practice for Collection of Non-Fibrous Nanoparticles Using a Nanoparticle Respiratory Deposition (NRD) Sampler
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1775-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extraction and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrophotometric Analysis for Lead
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7202-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in the Workplace by Extraction and Optical Fluorescence Detection
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8344-20 - Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and Metalloids
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7144-21 - Standard Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-vacuum Sampling for Subsequent Determination of Metals and Metalloids
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3171-21a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Silver in Textiles by ICP-OES or ICP-MS Analysis
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4185-17 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1583-21a - Standard Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in Determination of Lead in Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates, and Soil Taken From and Around Buildings and Related Structures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1109-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates from Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3203-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7659-21 - Standard Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals and Metalloids for Worker Protection
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM D7035-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)ASTM D7035-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
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ASTM D7035-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D7035 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne
Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic
1
Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for collection,
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sample preparation, and analysis of airborne particulate matter
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for the content of metals and metalloids using inductively
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles and to area
sampling.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This method specifies a number of alternative methods
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for preparing test solutions from samples of airborne particu-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
late matter. One of the specified sample preparation methods is
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
applicable to the measurement of soluble metal or metalloid
Atmospheres
compounds. Other specified methods are applicable to the
D4185 Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace
measurement of total metals and metalloids.
Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectropho-
1.4 The following is a non-exclusive list of metals and
tometry
metalloids for which one or more of the sample dissolution
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
methods specified in this document is applicable. However,
D5011 Practices for Calibration of Ozone Monitors Using
there is insufficient information available on the effectiveness
Transfer Standards
of dissolution methods for those elements in italics.
D6062 Guide for Personal Samplers of Health-Related
Aluminum Indium Sodium
Aerosol Fractions
Antimony Iron Strontium
Arsenic Lead Tantalum
D6785 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Work-
Barium Lithium Tellurium
place Air Using Flame or Graphite Furnace Atomic Ab-
Beryllium Magnesium Thallium
sorption Spectrometry
Bismuth Manganese Tin
Boron Molybdenum Titanium
E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
Cadmium Nickel Tungsten
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Calcium Phosphorus Uranium
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
Cesium Platinum Vanadium
Chromium Potassium Yttrium
Workplace Protection
Cobalt Rhodium Zinc
E1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-
Copper Selenium Zirconium
tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Hafnium Silver
(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
1.5 The method is not applicable to the sampling of elemen-
(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-
tal mercury, or to inorganic compounds of metals and metal-
trometry (GFAAS) Techniques
loids that are present in the gaseous or vapor state.
E1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
1.6 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and
Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead
are not part of the mandatory requirements of the method.
Determination
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on
2
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved October 1, 2004. Published October 2004. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7035-04. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7035 – 04
2.2 ISO and European Standards: 3.2.9 breathing zone—the space around a worker’s face
ISO 1042 Laboratory Glassware—One-mark Volumetric from where he or she takes his or her breath. For technical
3
Flasks purposes a more precise definition is as follows:Ahemisphere
ISO 3585 Glass Plant, Pipelines and Fittings—Properties of (generally accepted to be 0.3 m in radius) extending in front of
3
Borosilicate Glass the human face, centered on the midpoint of a line joining th
...

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5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.  
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
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1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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