ASTM F3180/F3180M-21
(Specification)Standard Specification for Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
Standard Specification for Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the airworthiness design requirements for low-speed aeroplane flight characteristics. The applicant for a design approval shall seek the individual guidance to their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.
This specification is applicable to small aeroplanes and covers departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the low-speed flight characteristics of fixed-wing aircraft and provides standards for departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this specification are: (4.1) Low-Speed Flight Characteristics Score, (4.2) Stall Characteristics, (4.3) Stall Warning, (4.4) Departure Characteristics: Single Engine, (4.5) Departure Characteristics: Multiengine, (4.6) Spinning, and (4.7) Safety-Enhancing Features.
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
1.3 Units—This standard may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F3180/F3180M −21
Standard Specification for
1
Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF3180/F3180M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification covers the low-speed flight character-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
istics of fixed-wing aircraft and provides standards for depar-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ture characteristics, spinning, and stall warning. The material
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
wasdevelopedthroughopenconsensusofinternationalexperts
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
in general aviation. This information was created by focusing
on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more
2. Referenced Documents
broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the Applicant to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of com-
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
pliance. The topics covered within this specification are: (4.1)
F3061/F3061M Specification for Systems and Equipment in
Low-Speed Flight Characteristics Score, (4.2) Stall
Small Aircraft
Characteristics, (4.3) StallWarning, (4.4) Departure Character-
F3083/F3083M Specification for Emergency Conditions,
istics: Single Engine, (4.5) Departure Characteristics:
Occupant Safety and Accommodations
Multiengine, (4.6) Spinning, and (4.7) Safety-Enhancing Fea-
F3117/F3117M Specification for Crew Interface in Aircraft
tures.
F3173/F3173M Specification for Aircraft Handling Charac-
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as
teristics
Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guid-
F3179/F3179M Specification for Performance of Aircraft
ance from their respective oversight authority (for example,
F3230 Practice for Safety Assessment of Systems and
published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the
Equipment in Small Aircraft
acceptable use and application thereof. For information on
F3232/F3232M Specification for Flight Controls in Small
which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in
Aircraft
whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to
2.2 Other Standards:
their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to
FAA AC 23–15A Small Airplane Certification Compliance
the ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/
3
Program
COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
FAAAC23–8C FlightTestGuideforCertificationofPart23
4
1.3 Units—This standard may present information in either
Airplanes
5
SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated SAE ARP4102/7 Electronic Displays
in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore,
3. Terminology
to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.1 See Terminology F3060 for more definitions and abbre-
systems shall not be combined.
viations.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the ASTM website.
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/
advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.information/documentID/74398.
1 4
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF44onGeneral Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
AviationAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.20 on Flight. Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.information/documentID/1019676.
5
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F3180/F3180M–19. Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
DOI: 10.1520/F3180_F3180M-21. PA 1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3180/F3180M − 19 F3180/F3180M − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3180/F3180M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the low-speed flight characteristics of fixed-wing aircraft and provides standards for departure
characteristics, spinning, and stall warning. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general
aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable;
it is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered
within this specification are: (4.1) Low-Speed Flight Characteristics Score, (4.2) Stall Characteristics, (4.3) Stall Warning, (4.4)
Departure Characteristics: Single Engine, (4.5) Departure Characteristics: Multiengine, (4.6) Spinning, and (4.7) Safety-Enhancing
Features.
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from
their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and
application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an
acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44
webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).
1.3 Units—This standard may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each
system mayare not be exact equivalents. Each necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard,
each system shall be used independently of the other; combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with the standard.shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
F3061/F3061M Specification for Systems and Equipment in Small Aircraft
F3083/F3083M Specification for Emergency Conditions, Occupant Safety and Accommodations
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.20 on Flight.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019Aug. 1, 2021. Published May 2019November 2021. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
F3180/F3180M–18.–19. DOI: 10.1520/F3180_F3180M–19.10.1520/F3180_F3180M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F3180/F3180M − 21
F3117/F3117M Specification for Crew Interface in Aircraft
F3173/F3173M Specification for Aircraft Handling Characteristics
F3179/F3179M Specification for Performance of Aircraft
F3230 Practice for Safety Assessment of Systems and Equipment in Small Aircraft
F3232/F3232M Specification for Flight Controls in Small Aircraft
2.2 Other Standards:
3
FAA AC 23–15A Small Airplane Certification Compliance Program
4
FAA AC 23–8C Flight Test Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes
5
SAE ARP4102/7 Electronic Displays
3. Terminology
3.1 See Terminology F3060 for more definitions and abbreviations.
3.2 Definitions o
...
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