ASTM D4032-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the Circular Bend Procedure
Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the Circular Bend Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method D 4032 for testing stiffness of fabrics is considered satisfactory for quality control testing. It may also be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade field. In cases of differences in values reported by purchaser and seller using Test Method D 4032 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratories of the purchaser and the seller should be determined with each comparison being based on the testing of specimens taken homogeneously from a lot of material of the type being evaluated. Specimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.
The circular bend procedure gives a force value related to fabric stiffness, simultaneously averaging stiffness in all directions. The stiffness tests in Test Methods D 1388 are of the single directional type.
The circular bend procedure is simple to perform and may be used for knitted, woven, or nonwoven fabrics, provided gage capacity is in keeping with fabric range tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness of fabrics by the circular bend procedure.
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to all types of fabrics, including woven, knitted and nonwovens, of any fiber content. For other methods of testing for stiffness, refer to Test Methods D 1388.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be considered as standard; the values in inch-pound units are included for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4032 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Stiffness of Fabric by the Circular Bend Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiff- 4.1 A plunger forces a flat, folded swatch of fabric through
ness of fabrics by the circular bend procedure. an orifice in a platform. The maximum force required to push
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to all types of the fabric through the orifice is an indication of the fabric
fabrics, including woven, knitted and nonwovens, of any fiber stiffness (resistance to bending).
content.
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—For other methods of testing for stiffness, refer to Test
5.1 Test Method D4032 for testing stiffness of fabrics is
Methods D1388.
considered satisfactory for quality control testing. It may also
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be considered as
be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since
standard; the values in inch-pound units are included for
the test method has been used extensively in the trade field. In
information only.
cases of differences in values reported by purchaser and seller
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
using Test Method D4032 for acceptance testing, the statistical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bias, if any, between the laboratories of the purchaser and the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
seller should be determined with each comparison being based
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
on the testing of specimens taken homogeneously from a lot of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material of the type being evaluated. Specimens should be
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laborato-
2. Referenced Documents
ries.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 The circular bend procedure gives a force value related
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
to fabric stiffness, simultaneously averaging stiffness in all
D1388 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
directions. The stiffness tests in Test Methods D1388 are of the
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
single directional type.
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
5.3 The circular bend procedure is simple to perform and
Methods
maybeusedforknitted,woven,ornonwovenfabrics,provided
gage capacity is in keeping with fabric range tested.
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
6. Apparatus
Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
3
6.1 Circular Bend Stiffness Tester, (Figs. 1 and 2), having
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
the following parts:
circular bend, stiffness.
1
6.1.1 Platform,102by102by6mm(4by4by ⁄4 in.)
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
smooth-polished chrome-plated steel plate with a 38.1-mm
nology D123.
(1.50-in.)diameterorifice.Thelapedgeoftheorificeshouldbe
3
at a 45° angle to a depth of 4.8 mm ( ⁄16 in.) (see Fig. 3).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
6.1.2 Plunger, 25.4-mm (1.00-in.) diameter, mounted con-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
centric with orifice, 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) clearance on all sides.
Specific.
1
The bottom of the plunger should be set at 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) above
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved
in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4032 – 94(2001). DOI:
the top of the orifice plate. From this position, the downward
10.1520/D4032-08. 1
stroke length is 57 mm (2 ⁄4 in.).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Apparatus is commercially available.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4032 – 08
FIG. 1 King Manual Operated Dial Model
between rolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
6.1.3 Force-Measurement Gage, dial or digital type (see
of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk,
9.3).
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
6.1.3.1 Dial gages with maximum reading pointer in differ
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4032–94 (Reapproved 2001) Designation: D 4032 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Stiffness of Fabric by the Circular Bend Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness of fabrics by the circular bend procedure.
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to all types of fabrics, including woven, knitted and nonwovens, of any fiber
content.
NOTE 1—For other methods of testing for stiffness, refer to Test Methods D 1388.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be considered as standard; the values in inch-pound units are included for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1388 Test MethodsMethod for Stiffness of Fabrics
D 1776Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1circular bend, n—simultaneous, multidirectional deformation of a fabric in which one face of a flat specimen becomes
concave and the other becomes convex.
3.1.2stiffness, n—resistance to bending.
3.1.3stiffness, n— with regard to the circular bending of textiles, resistance to multidirectional bending.
3.2For definitions of other textile terms used in this method, refer to Terminology D123
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D 4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: circular bend, stiffness.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A plunger forces a flat, folded swatch of fabric through an orifice in a platform. The maximum force required to push the
fabric through the orifice is an indication of the fabric stiffness (resistance to bending).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Test Method D 4032 for testing stiffness of fabrics is considered satisfactory for quality control testing. It may also be used
for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade field. In cases of
differences in values reported by purchaser and seller using Test Method D 4032 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any,
between the laboratories of the purchaser and the seller should be determined with each comparison being based on the testing of
specimens taken homogeneously from a lot of material of the type being evaluated. Specimens should be randomly assigned in
equal numbers to each of the laboratories.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on FabricTest Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1994. Published April 1994. Originally published as D4032–81. Last previous edition D4032–93.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4032 – 94(2001).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4032–08
5.2 The circular bend procedure gives a force value related to fabric stiffness, simultaneously averaging stiffness in all
directions. The stiffness tests in Test Methods D 1388 are of the single directional type.
5.3 The circular bend procedure is simple to perform and may be used for knitted, woven, or nonwoven fabrics, provided gage
capacity is in keeping with fabric range tested.
6. Apparatus
3
6.1 Circular Bend Stiffness Tester, (Figs. 1 and 2), having the following parts:
1
6.1.1 Platform, 102 by 102 by 6 mm (4
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.