ASTM D5866-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers
Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Entangled cotton fibers that form neps have two sources: those that occur naturally as the cotton fiber develops on the plant into lint that is ready to be harvested and those that occur from mechanical action in harvesting, ginning, cleaning, carding or from a combination of mechanical action.
5.2 This test method does not identify whether the neps counted and measured are a result of seed variety, environmental influences, type of harvesting, or a result of mechanical processing. However, this information can be obtained from studies where samples are taken from plants in the field before harvesting and ginning, before and after cleaning, and carding before spinning.
5.3 The measurement of nep size and quantity going into, and coming out of, a fiber processing stage are commonly used to make adjustments in the processing machinery to reduce or eliminate the generation of mechanical neps. Neps that remain in spun yarns have a direct influence on neps in fabrics. For almost all types of yarn or fabric, neps are considered defects.
5.4 This test method provides a consistent and repeatable measurement of fiber nep count and size. Check cotton samples supplied by the manufacturer are used to verify consistent measurement levels and laboratory-to-laboratory precision.
5.5 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing when the levels of the laboratories are controlled by the use of the same reference standard cotton samples because the current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable under these conditions. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories or more, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. At a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are ran...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the quantity and size of neps in cotton using various instruments.
1.2 This test method is intended for testing ginned cotton and cotton taken from various fiber processing stages.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5866 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Neps in Cotton Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Test data shows the mean or average nep size and the
total number of neps per unit mass.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the quantity
and size of neps in cotton using various instruments.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This test method is intended for testing ginned cotton
and cotton taken from various fiber processing stages. 5.1 Entangledcottonfibersthatformnepshavetwosources:
those that occur naturally as the cotton fiber develops on the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
plant into lint that is ready to be harvested and those that occur
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
from mechanical action in harvesting, ginning, cleaning, card-
standard.
ing or from a combination of mechanical action.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.2 This test method does not identify whether the neps
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- counted and measured are a result of seed variety, environmen-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tal influences, type of harvesting, or a result of mechanical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. processing. However, this information can be obtained from
studies where samples are taken from plants in the field before
2. Referenced Documents
harvesting and ginning, before and after cleaning, and carding
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
before spinning.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.3 The measurement of nep size and quantity going into,
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
and coming out of, a fiber processing stage are commonly used
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
to make adjustments in the processing machinery to reduce or
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
eliminate the generation of mechanical neps. Neps that remain
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
in spun yarns have a direct influence on neps in fabrics. For
3. Terminology
almost all types of yarn or fabric, neps are considered defects.
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to Termi-
5.4 This test method provides a consistent and repeatable
nology D7139.
measurementoffibernepcountandsize.Checkcottonsamples
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
supplied by the manufacturer are used to verify consistent
ginned lint, nep, sliver.
measurement levels and laboratory-to-laboratory precision.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
5.5 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
Terminology D123.
tance testing when the levels of the laboratories are controlled
4. Summary of Test Method
by the use of the same reference standard cotton samples
4.1 A pre-weighed mass of cotton fibers is prepared per
because the current estimates of between-laboratory precision
instrument manufacturer specifications. The instrument then
are acceptable under these conditions. If there are differences
quantifies the neps and measures the size (diameter) of each
of practical significance between reported test results for two
nep.
laboratories or more, comparative tests should be performed to
determine if there is a statistical bias between them using
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
competent statistical assistance.At a minimum, ensure the test
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally
from the material from which the disparate test results were
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5866 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/D5866-12.
obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
laboratoryfortesting.Thetestfromthetwolaboratoriesshould
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5866 − 05 D5866 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the quantity and size of neps in cotton using the AFIS-N instrument.various
instruments.
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for testing raw ginned cotton and processed cotton fibers.cotton taken from various
fiber processing stages.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to Terminology D7139.
3.1.1 The following term isterms are relevant to this standard: nep.ginned lint, nep, sliver.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Fibers in a specimen are individualized and cleaned by an aeromechanical separator, then transported by an airstream to an
optical sensor. Fibers and neps pass through an infrared light source. The scattered light is measured by detectors located at
optimum angles to the light source. The detected light from the fibers and neps generate voltages and respective waveforms.A
pre-weighed mass of cotton fibers is prepared per instrument manufacturer specifications. The instrument then quantifies the neps
and measures the size (diameter) of each nep.
4.2 The AFIS-N instrument counts the number of neps detected and measures the size (diameter) of each nep in a 0.4 to 0.6-g
specimen. Test data are presented in a histogram showing Test data shows the mean or average nep size and the total number of
neps.neps per unit mass.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a consistent and repeatable measurement of fiber nep count and size. Standard check cottons are
supplied by the manufacturer to ensure consistent measurement levels and laboratory-to-laboratory precision.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005Dec. 1, 2012. Published April 2005January 2013. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 19952005 as
D5866 – 95.D5866 – 05. DOI: 10.1520/D5866-05.10.1520/D5866-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5866 − 12
5.1 Results of the instrument correlate well to eye counts from card web samples. The instrument is more sensitive than the
human eye, giving the instrument a higher level of count than is normally counted by the human eye.Entangled cotton fibers that
form neps have two sources: those that occur naturally as the cotton fiber develops on the plant into lint that is ready to be harvested
and those that occur from mechanical action in harvesting, ginning, cleaning, carding or from a combination of mechanical action.
5.2 This test method is an objective way to count neps in raw and processed cotton because there is no operator influence on
nep count or size.does not identify whether the neps counted and measured are a result of seed variety, environmental influences,
type of harvesting, or a result of mechanical processing. However, this information can be obtained from studies where samples
are taken from plants in the field b
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