ASTM D1006-01(2006)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D1006 − 01 (Reapproved2006)
Standard Practice for
Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 U.S. Federal Standard:
TT-W-571b Federal Specification for Wood-Preservative,
1.1 Thispracticecoversprocedurestobefollowedfordirect
Recommended Treating Practice
exposure of house and trim paints on new, previously un-
painted wood materials to the environment. When originators
3. Terminology
of a weathering test have the actual exposure conducted by a
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminologies
separate agency, the specific conditions for the exposure of test
E41 and G113 are applicable to this practice.
and control specimens should be clearly defined and mutually
agreed upon between all parties.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The procedure described in this practice is intended to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
aid in evaluating the performance of house and trim paints to
only.
new, previously unpainted wood.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The relative durability of paints in outdoor exposures
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
can be very different depending on the location of the exposure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
because of differences in solar radiation, time of wetness,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannot
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
be assumed that results from one exposure in a single location
will be useful for determining relative durability in a different
2. Referenced Documents
location. Exposures in several locations with different climates
which represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in are recommended.
4.2.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, re-
Weathering Tests of Coatings
E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the
absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
ing of Nonmetallic Materials repeat exposures are needed to get an “average” test result for
a given location.
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials 4.2.2 Solar radiation varies considerably as function of time
of year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate of
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests degradationinmanypolymers.Comparingresultsformaterials
exposed for short periods (less than one year) is not recom-
mended unless materials are exposed at the same time in the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
same location.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
4.3 The Significance and Use section in Practice G7 ad-
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
dresses many variables to be considered in exterior exposure
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1006 – 01. DOI:
tests.
10.1520/D1006-01R06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
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the ASTM website. www.dodssp.daps.mil.
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D1006 − 01 (2006)
5. Location of Test Sites and Exposure Orientation exposures, are presented fully in AnnexA1. Test racks that are
commonly used for the exposure of wood siding boards,
5.1 Test Sites—The climatic conditions of the test sites
primarily for the evaluation of mildew growth, dirt
shouldberepresentativeofthoseoftheareainwhichthepaints
accumulation, and color change are shown in Fig. 1. These
are to be used. The type and rate of failure of a paint film will
racks can be configured to hold specimens or specimen holders
vary when exposed to different combinations of climatic and
of any convenient width and length. Adjustable racks can be
atmospheric conditions. For reliable results, exposure sites
used to accommodate specimens of different lengths.An offset
should be selected that are representative geographically,
design (notched cutouts) in the mounting hardware shall be
climatically, and in atmospheric contaminations with those of
used in order to avoid contamination from specimens mounted
the locality in which the paint will be used. To obtain
above other specimens. Offsets shall be of the proper size to
conclusions that are valid for paints with national distribution
accommodatethewidthofthesidingboard.Typically,152-mm
requires exposure at several sites, selected to cover a wide
(6-in.) or 230-mm (9-in.) sized offsets are used. Other sizes are
range in climatic conditions. Suggested sites include south
available. An example of an offset mounting hardware is
Florida, the Great Lakes region, the hot desert southwest, the
shown in Fig. 2.
northeast, and extreme southern Louisiana.
5.2 Exposure Orientation—Unless otherwise specified,
7. Construction of Test Specimens
specimensfortestinghousepaintshouldbeexposedonvertical
7.1 Choose a wood substrate in accordance with Specifica-
test fixtures facing both north or south, or both. In comparisons
tion D358. Prior to use, test lumber and panels shall be stored
where dirt collection and mildew resistance are not pertinent,
under such conditions that the moisture content of the wood
north vertical exposures may be omitted. Test fixtures shall be
will be maintained within the normal range for exterior
placedinalocationsothatthereisnoshadowonanyspecimen
woodwork in the region in which the tests are conducted.
when the sun’s angle of elevation is greater than 20°. Speci-
Exposures on wood substrates should be performed on three
mens can be exposed at north or south orientations or other “
panels to allow for variations in wood.
exposure angles” in order to focus on the degradation mode
7.2 For house paints, unless the pattern of siding requires
desired. Typical exposure angles are as follows:
some other choice, test panels should be made of one or the
5.2.1 Vertical North (Northern Hemisphere)—Exposure
other of two patterns of siding, namely 127-mm (0.5-in.) or
rackispositionedsothattheexposedsurfacesofspecimensare
190-mm (0.75-in.) bevel siding or 5-mm (1-in.) by 152-mm
vertical (90°) facing north, away from the equator. This
(6-in.) drop siding.Atest panel may be subdivided into two or
orientation allows for the accelerated growth of biological
more test areas. A subdivided panel is one complete panel in
organisms since the amount of direct sunlight reaching the
which multiple paint specimens are applied to sections of the
specimens is reduced or completely eliminated depending on
panel. If the panels in the house paint test are not subdivided,
latitude.
one914-mm(3-ft)lengthof152-mmsidingwillbeacceptable.
5.2.2 Vertical South (Northern Hemisphere)—Exposure
If the panels are subdivided, each test area shall be a minimum
rackispositionedsothattheexposedsurfacesofthespecimens
of 152-mm in length.
are vertical (90°) facing south, toward the equator. This
orientation allows direct sunlight to reach the specimens and
7.3 For trim paints, the test panel may have 25-mm (1-in.)
results in degradation commonly associated with ultraviolet
by 102-mm (4-in.) pieces of lumber at each end (see Annex
exposure.
A1).
NOTE 1—Other Exposure Orientations—If desired, exposures may also
7.4 For exposures of paints on test fixtures described in 6.2
be conducted to provide faster results. See Practice G7 for more
and Fig. 1, a test panel should be a 914-mm (36-in.) length of
information on other exposure options.
152-mm (6-in.) siding substrate unless otherwise agreed upon.
5.3 In the case where it is desirable to expose coated panels
in a sheltered area, such as under eaves, a suitable test fence
with a sheltered or eave arrangement can be used (see Annex
A1).
6. Construction of Test Fixtures (Exposed Racks)
6.1 Test fixtures should be durable and rigid enough to
withstand the effects of weather. All materials used for test
fixtures shall be either treated wood or noncorrodible metal
without surface treatment. Aluminum Alloys 6061T6 or
6063T6 have been found suitable for use in most locations.
Properly primed and coated steel is suitable for use in desert
areas.
6.2 Test Fixture Design—Test racks of several different
designs are currently used for the exposure testing of paints on
wood.Test racks for the exposure of paints and trims that more
closely simulate end-use applications, including under eave FIG. 1 Typical Exposure Rack
D1006 − 01 (2006)
commercial paints, it may be appropriate to let the painter
apply them at their natural spreading rates. When the purpose
is to study variation in the paint composition, application
shouldusuallybeatsuitablepredeterminedspreadingratesthat
can be controlled by applying a given weight or volume of
coating to a measured area.
10. Procedure
10.1 After the panels have been prepared, identify each
specimen with a unique mark that will not be destroyed or
become illegible during the exposure. Practice G147 provides
guidance for this procedure.
10.2 Measure the desired properties on all test and reference
control specimens prior to exposure.
10.3 Mount the specimens on the correctly oriented expo-
sure rack that accommodates the dimensions of the specimens
being exposed.
FIG. 2 Offset Mounting Hardware
10.4 Perform the exposure test in accordance with the
guidelines in Practices G7 and G147.
Each area shall be a minimum of 152 mm in length. Each test
10.5 Select one of the methods for defining the duration of
area can be painted with a different paint thus providing a
the exposure in accordance with Practice G7.
side-by-side comparison for performance.
NOTE 2—It is important to remember that up to 75 mm (3 in.) of each
11. Inspection and Records
end of the test will be masked by the exposure rack.
11.1 After the panels have been exposed to the weather,
8. Use of Control or Reference Materials
inspections should be made after not more than one month, at
three months, and at intervals of three months during the first
8.1 When several paints are being compared, one paint
two years, and every six months thereafter. Midwinter
should be selected as a “control.” The control paint should be
inspections, however, may be omitted in northern latitudes.
applied to one area of each test panel. Variations caused by
Inspections may be made more frequently if desired. Usually
wooddifferencesarerevealedintheperformanceofthecontrol
the exposures should be continued for a considerable length of
paint, and can be used to adjust the ratings of other paints to a
time after deterioration has reached the point at which best
common basis. For best results there should be two controls,
practice calls for repainting.
one known to perform well and one known to perform poorly.
11.2 Records should be kept on report forms agreed upon
9. Application of Paints
between the purchaser and the seller.
9.1 All materials being compared in a single study shall be
preparedandexposedwithinathirty-dayperiod.Forverylarge
12. Report
studies where all specimens cannot be prepared and exposed
12.1 The report section shall contain the following informa-
within the thirty-day period, prepare duplicate coatings of at
tion when applicable and available. In most cases, commercial
least 30 % of the materials or prepare and expose specimens of
testing agencies used to perform exposures may not have
a control paint at the beginning and at the end of the period
specific information about the materials used or preparation of
needed for completion.
the test specimens and, therefore, cannot be reported.
9.2 It is best in theory and practice to do the painting
12.1.1 Complete description of the test specimens and any
outdoors in proper weather for painting; however, indoor
control and weathering materials used, including:
painting is permissible provided no more than one week (72 h
12.1.1.1 Composition, including description of substrate to
isthepreferredmaximumtime)elapsesbetweenthesuccessive
which the paint is applied and
coats and between applying the last coat and exposing on the
12.1.1.2 Method of preparation (reference applicable stan-
test fence. Furthermore, all painting must be performed under
dards here).
essentially the same drying conditions. It is necessary to allow
12.1.2 Location of exposure (including whether specimens
each coat to cure sufficiently before top coating.
were exposed at ground level, on a rooftop, and so forth).
9.3 The preferred procedure is to apply paints with the test
12.1.3 Ground cover in area of test racks.
panel in a vertical position and kept vertical until the paint has
12.1.4 Angle at which exposure was conducted.
set. If paint is spread on horizontal panels, the panels should be
12.1.5 Type of exposure (unbacked or backed). If backed
placed vertically immediately thereafter.
exposure is used, include thickness and type of backing and, if
painted, the color of paint used.
9.4 Records should be kept of the spreading rates at which
paints are applied. When the purpose of the tests is to compare 12.1.6 Date exposure started and date exposure completed.
D1006 − 01 (2006)
12.1.7 If required, solar radiant energy for all exposures 13.1.1 Repeatability and reproducibility of results obtained
oriented towards the equator including the wavelength band- by this practice will vary depending on the materials being
pass in which radiant energy is measured. All solar radiant tested, the material property being measured, the climate in
energy reported should be meas
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