ASTM D5895-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The drying times of a coating are significant in determining when a freshly painted room, floor or stair may be put back in use or a coated article handled or packaged. Slow drying may result in dirt pick-up or, on an exterior surface, moisture may cause a nonuniform appearance.
5.2 These test methods are used to determine the various stages of drying or curing in the dry-film formation of organic coatings using mechanical devices for the purpose of comparing types of coatings or ingredient changes, or both. To evaluate the stages of drying in a quantitative manner, use of instrumentation under environmental controlled conditions is strongly recommended. These devices also offer a method of determining drying characteristics of coatings that can not be ascertained within the standard 8-h work day.
5.3 When evaluating drying characteristics of baking systems, the circular drying time devices offer a method to determine quantitatively drying times of coatings at room temperature and elevated conditions. Maximum temperatures would be limited by considerations such as the affect of temperature on the motor lubrication or structural components of the device.
5.4 The straight line drying time devices offer a method to determine quantitatively drying times of coatings tested simultaneously using one recorder.
5.5 This method is useful in comparing the behavior of coatings during drying of the same generic type. Determination of actual drying times should be conducted following procedures outlined in Test Method D1640 or ISO 9117-3.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of several stages and the rate of dry-film formation of organic coatings using straight line and circular mechanical drying-time recording devices. The use of mechanical recorders is valuable in comparing the drying behavior of coatings of the same generic type, allowing that one coating may form a gel or resist tearing at a faster rate than another.
1.2 Drying time measured using the mechanical recorders may differ from those found using conventional methods, such as Test Method D1640 or ISO 9117-3 (formerly ISO 1517).
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5895 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of
1
Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D1640Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
1.1 Thesetestmethodsdescribethedeterminationofseveral
of Organic Coatings
stages and the rate of dry-film formation of organic coatings
D3924Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
using straight line and circular mechanical drying-time record-
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
ing devices. The use of mechanical recorders is valuable in
Materials
comparing the drying behavior of coatings of the same generic
D3925Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
type,allowingthatonecoatingmayformagelorresisttearing
Pigmented Coatings
at a faster rate than another.
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.2 Drying time measured using the mechanical recorders
ISO 9117-3Drying tests—Surface—drying test using ballo-
may differ from those found using conventional methods, such 3
tini
as Test Method D1640 or ISO 9117-3 (formerly ISO 1517).
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
information only.
3.1.1 dry-hard time, n—the dry-hard condition is reached
using mechanical recorders when the drying and curing, or
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
both, reactions have proceeded sufficiently that the film is not
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
displacednorisanynoticeablemarkleftbypinchingthepanels
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between the thumb on the film and forefinger with a relatively
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
strong force.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Inthesetestmethods,thedry-hardtime
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
is reached where the stylus has risen out of the film and rides
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
onthesurface,leavingonlyamarkwithoutdisruptingthebody
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of the film (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.2 dry-through time, n—the dry-through condition is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
reachedwhenthefilmhassolidifiedsocompletelythatalarge,
twisting force can be applied without distorting the film.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In these test methods, the dry-through
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: time is reached when the stylus no longer left any visible mark
on the film (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
3.1.3 set-to-touch time, n—The set-to-touch condition is
D1005Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
reached when the film has solidified sufficiently, by solvent
evaporation or chemical reaction, or both, that it not longer
flows nor sticks to a finger that lightly touches it.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
3.1.3.1 Discussion—In these test methods, the set-to-touch
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint time is reached where a pear-shaped depression appears in the
Films.
filmwhenthefilmstopsflowingoverthepathoftherecorder’s
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
stylus and leaves a track in the film revealing the glass
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5895–13. DOI:
substrate (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
10.1520/D5895-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5895 − 13 D5895 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of
1
Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of several stages and the rate of dry-film formation of organic coatings using
straight line and circular mechanical drying-time recording devices. The use of mechanical recorders is valuable in comparing the
drying behavior of coatings of the same generic type, allowing that one coating may form a gel or resist tearing at a faster rate
than another.
1.2 Drying time measured using the mechanical recorders may differ from those found using conventional methods, such as Test
Method D1640 or ISO 9117-3 (formerly ISO 1517).
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
ISO 9117-3 Drying tests—Surface—drying test using ballotini
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dry-hard time, n—the dry-hard condition is reached using mechanical recorders when the drying and curing, or both,
reactions have proceeded sufficiently that the film is not displaced nor is any noticeable mark left by pinching the panels between
the thumb on the film and forefinger with a relatively strong force.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
In these test methods, the dry-hard time is reached where the stylus has risen out of the film and rides on the surface, leaving only
a mark without disrupting the body of the film (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013June 1, 2020. Published June 2013June 2020. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D5895 – 03 (2008).D5895 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5895-13.10.1520/D5895-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5895 − 20
NOTE 1—The above figure represents a typical track of a coating that does not skin over during curing. Any coating which exhibits skinning, such as
two pack epoxies or polyurethane coatings, will show a very different track where the stylus tears the surface of the film, leaving diamond or kite-shaped
patterns.
FIG. 1 Stages of Drying Using Straight Line Drying Time
Recorders
FIG. 2 Stages of Drying Using Circular Time Drying Recorders
3.1.2 dry-thro
...
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