ASTM F1458-98

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 1458 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw of Foot
Protective Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1458; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
AATCC 96 Dimensional Changes in Laundering of Woven
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of foot protec-
and Knitted Fabrics, Except Wool
tive devices that are designed to protect the foot when
AATCC 158 Dimensional Changes on Drycleaning in Per-
operating a chain saw.
chloroethylene: Machine Method
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to
2.3 Military Standards:
minimum performance requirements in established safety stan-
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedure and Tables for Inspec-
dards.
tion by Attributes
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,
MIL-C-12369 Cloth, Ballistic, Nylon
or as required by established safety standards, this test method
2.4 Federal Standard:
can be used to determine any one or all of the following: (1)
FS 5100-86 Type II, Cloth, Duck, Nylon, Polyurethane
threshold stopping speed, (2) pass/fail at specified chain speed,
Coated
or (3) cut through time.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 centerline, n—in foot protective devices, a line that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
extends from the toe of the footwear horizontally along the sole
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to the heel vertically to the top of the footwear, and diagonally
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be
to the point of intersection at the toe.
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
3.1.2 chain saw, n—a portable power-operated tool that has
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
cutters linked in a chain used for cutting wood.
must be used independently of the other, without combining
3.1.3 chain speed, n—the velocity of synchronized move-
values in any way.
ment of linked cutters around a bar and sprocket.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 chain stop, n—for chain saw cut resistance, the
resulting action when a material clogs (jams) the drive sprocket
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 or slows the speed sufficiently to prevent advancement of the
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
saw chain.
D 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
3 3.1.5 cut resistance, n—the ability of a material, while in
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
contact with the linked cutters, to resist penetration of the
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
cutter of a moving saw chain, independent of either jamming or
F 1414 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to
chain stop.
Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
3.1.6 cut-through time, n—the time required for a running
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
saw chain to effect complete penetration through a protective
device.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-23 on
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.20 on
Physical Properties.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published December 1998.
Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1458 – 98
3.1.7 foot, n—the terminal part of the vertebrate leg, includ- 5. Significance and Use
ing the ankle, upon which an individual stands (see foot
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a measur-
protective device).
able criterion of performance defining the level of cut resis-
3.1.8 foot protective device, n—for chain saw cut resis-
tance to the cutting action of a saw chain provided by foot
tance, an article of personal equipment worn over the foot and protective devices.
ankle for the purpose of providing limited protection from 5.2 The protection, which can be demonstrated by the foot
injury due to contact with a moving saw chain. protective devices, tested in accordance with this test method,
is achieved by (1) the material resisting cutting when put in
3.1.9 footwear, n—a boot or shoe of any construction.
contact with the moving saw chain; (2) a part of the material
3.1.10 gaiter, n—for chain saw cut resistance, a foot
being drawn into the saw chain and drive mechanism to block
protective device worn outside the footwear.
the saw chain movement; (3) the materials resisting cutting and
3.1.11 jamming, n—for chain saw cut resistance, the clog-
absorbing rotational energy so that saw chain speed can be
ging action manifested by a protective garment or device that
slowed down sufficiently to stop the movement of the saw
can produce a chain stop.
chain; or (4) any combination of these.
3.1.12 liner, n—a foot protective device worn inside the
5.3 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported
footwear.
test results, when using this test method for acceptance testing
3.1.13 saw chain, n—a closed loop of cutters linked to- of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier
should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a
gether for use in a portable power-operated tool.
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
3.1.14 chain speed 50 (CS50), n—for chain saw cut protec-
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
tion, the median velocity at which cut through occurs.
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
3.1.14.1 Discussion—This value establishes the relationship
mens from the same lot of components to be evaluated. The test
between the probability of cutting through the protective
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
clothing (or foot protective device) and the speed of the chain
to each laboratory for testing. If a bias is found, either its cause
saw. For low chain speeds, the probability of cut through
must be determined and corrected, or the purchaser and the
approaches zero, while for higher chain speeds, the probability
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the
of cut through approaches one.
known bias.
3.1.15 toe area cut zone, n—in the testing of foot protective
devices, that area excluding the sole that extends from the
6. Apparatus
frontmost part of the footwear to a vertical plane 15 6 0.25
6.1 Specimen Holder for Calibration, in accordance with
mm behind the toe box; or in the absence of a toe box, the area
Test Method F 1414.
that extends to a vertical plane 65 6 6.25 mm from the front of
6.2 Mounting Bracket for Footwear and Footwear with
the footwear.
Protective Devices:
3.1.16 toe box, n—in testing of foot protective devices, a
6.2.1 The mounting bracket must enable the footwear to be
component inserted into the toe area of footwear.
moved so that test cuts can be made at stipulated positions (see
3.1.17 upper, n—that area of the footwear above the sole.
Fig. 1 to 4).
3.1.18 upper cut zone, n—in the testing of foot protective 6.2.2 The mounting bracket shall enable footwear to be
devices, the area starting at the top of the area of protection on secured for testing in a manner that neither enhances nor
the footwear and extending downward to include the entire inhibits the cut resistance of the foot protective device.
upper, excluding the toe area cut zone.
NOTE 1—Securing or mounting mechanisms should enable footwear, if
3.2 For definitions of other protective clothing terms used in necessary, to be used for multiple evaluations of protective devices.
this test method, refer to Terminology F 1494.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Test specimens are securely mounted on a test appara-
tus.
4.2 A chain saw, of specific characteristic and operating at a
designated speed, is brought into contact with the test specimen
at specified locations.
4.2.1 The cutting action of the saw chain will achieve one of
three results (1) complete cut through, (2) no cut through while
saw chain continues to run, or (3) complete chain stop.
4.3 Data collection of cut resistance and TSS is measured
electronically by means of wires placed on the top and the
bottom of the test specimen to measure cut through time, and
an electronic means to measure chain speed just prior to
contact with test specimen and after contact is initiated. FIG. 1 Upper Cut Test Position
F 1458 – 98
FIG. 2 Upper Cut Test Position
FIG. 4 Toe Cut Test Position
FIG. 3 Toe Cut Test Position
6.3 Footwear Form for Mounting Gaiter :
6.3.1 The footwear form used for mounting a removable
gaiter shall be similar to that shown in Figs. 5a and 5b.
6.3.2 The method of securing the gaiter to the form shall be
the same as that method used to secure the gaiter to footwear.
6.3.3 The form shall then be secured for testing to the
FIG. 5 Footwear Form for Gaiter/Liner
aforementioned mounting bracket in a manner that neither
enhances nor inhibits the cut resistance of the foot protective
6.4 Footwear Form for Mounting Liner:
device.
6.4.1 The footwear form used for mounting a liner shall be
similar to that shown in Figs. 5a and 5b.
6.4.2 The method of securing the liner to the form shall be
A footwear form can be obtained from Satra, Satra House, Rockingham Road,
Kettering, Northants, NN16 9JH, England. the same as that method used to secure the liner to the foot.
F 1458 – 98
FIG. 6 Footwear Form for Gaiter/Liner
6.4.3 The form shall then be secured for testing to the the wire is cut, or if the saw chain slides over the specimen, a
aforementioned mounting bracket in a manner that neither timer should limit the test and stop the engine by grounding the
enhances nor inhibits the cut resistance of the foot protective electric circuitry of the chain saw.
device.
7.3 The technician performing these tests should use hear-
6.5 Chain Saw and Related Equipment—The chain saw and
ing protection to avoid potential loss of hearing.
related equipment is in accordance with Test Method F 1414.
7.4 The technician performing these tests should use eye
6.6 Chain Saw Support Bracket—The chain saw support
protection to avoid potential eye injury.
bracket is in accordance with Test Method F 1414.
7.5 The chain saw engine should be vented to prevent
6.7 Interfaced Data Acquisition System—The interfaced
potential danger posed by carbon monoxide.
data acquisition system is in accordance with Test Method
F 1414.
8. Sampling
6.8 Filling Material :
8.1 Lot Sample—The number of units that constitute a
6.8.1 The filling material used to provide shape and mass to
production lot and the number of samples required to be
the footwear shall be pellets made of a high-density polyeth-
evaluated from that lot will be determined by agreement
ylene similar to that used for injection molding.
between the client and the facility using this test method. This
6.8.2 The filling material shall be held in place by covering
determination must also consider how many units constitute a
with a weight of 2 kg 6 20 g.
meaningful measurement of consistent quality that will result
NOTE 2—The weight can be a bag containing leadshot, sand, steel
in achievement of similar values.
pellets, or some other material to achieve the desired mass.
8.2 Number of Specimens:
8.2.1 A pair is considered as two test specimens, one
7. Hazards
left-foot protective device and one right-foot protective device.
NOTE 3—Warning: The chain saw equipment used in the procedure of
8.2.2 The number of specimens needed to determine TSS
this test method can pose a potential danger to the technician if specific
must be agreed upon between the client and the laboratory
safety precautions are not followed.
when using the procedure recommended in Table 1.
7.1 As a minimum safety precaution, it is suggested that the
8.2.3 If this test method is used to determine TSS a
spark plug wire be disengaged until the engine needs to be
minimum of six specimens (3 pairs) at each test cut position
started.
will be needed.
7.2 As a further safety precaution, it is suggested that the
8.2.4 If this test method is used to determine “pass/fail” at a
spark plug wire be grounded by circuitry after cutting the lower
specific saw chain speed of an established safety standard, a
wire of the data collection system. If the saw chain stops before
minimum of six specimens (3 pairs) at each test cut position
must pass.
8.2.5 If this test method is used to determine cut through
Style No. LM-6007-00 polyethylene pellets made by Quantum Chemical Corp.,
time at a specified speed, a minimum of six specimens (3 pairs)
11500 N. Lake Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45249 have been found to be satisfactory. An
equivalent may be used. at each test cut position will be needed.
F 1458 – 98
TABLE 1 Recommended Threshold Stopping Speed Evaluation
Examples
First Trial Second Trial Third Trial
Speed Speed Speed
of of of
saw saw saw
chain chain chain
m/s m/s m/s
(fpm) Result (fpm) Result (fpm) Result
Cut-through
Cut-through Reduced
speed
Jamming/stopping
Cut-through Reducing
speed
Cut-through
Jamming/stopping Increased
speed
Jamming/stopping
m/s
(fpm)
Cut-through
Cut-through Reduced
speed
Jamming/stopping
Jamming/stopping Increased
speed
Cut-through
Jamming/stopping Increased
speed
Jamming/stopping
9. Calibration temperature of 20 6 2°C (68 6 4°F), and tumble dry for 30
min (or until dry) at 40 6 5°C (105 6 8°F).
9.1 The calibration procedures described in Test Method
10.3.1.5 The specimens should be brought from the dry side
F 1414 shall be utilized for this test method.
to approximate moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard
atmosphere for testing textiles in accordance with Practice
10. Conditioning
D 1776. Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when
10.1 Footwear:
the increase in mass of the specimen in succ
...