ASTM F526-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Using Calorimeters for Total Dose Measurements in Pulsed Linear Accelerator or Flash X-ray Machines
Standard Test Method for Using Calorimeters for Total Dose Measurements in Pulsed Linear Accelerator or Flash X-ray Machines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An accurate measure of the total absorbed dose is necessary to ensure the validity of the data taken, to enable comparison to be made of data taken at different facilities, and to verify that components or circuits are tested to the radiation specification applied to the system for which they are to be used.
5.2 The primary value of a calorimetric method for measuring dose is that the results are absolute. They are based only on physical properties of materials, that is, the specific heat of the calorimeter-block material and the Seebeck EMF of the thermocouple used or the temperature coefficient of resistance (α) of the thermistor used, all of which can be established with non-radiation measurements.
5.3 The method permits repeated measurements to be made without requiring entry into the radiation cell between measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a calorimetric measurement of the total absorbed dose delivered by a single pulse of electrons from an electron linear accelerator or a flash X-ray machine (FXR, e-beam mode). The test method is designed for use with pulses of electrons in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeV and is only valid for cases in which both the calorimeter and the test specimen to be irradiated are “thin” compared to the range of these electrons in the materials of which they are constructed.
1.2 The procedure described can be used in those cases in which (1) the dose delivered in a single pulse is 5 Gy(matl)2 [500 rd (matl)] or greater, or (2) multiple pulses of a lower dose can be delivered in a short time compared to the thermal time constant of the calorimeter. The units for the total absorbed dose delivered to a material require the specification of the material and the notation “matl” refers to the active material of the calorimeter. The minimum dose per pulse that can be acceptably monitored depends on the variables of the particular test, including pulse rate, pulse uniformity, and the thermal time constant of the calorimeter.
1.3 A determination of the total dose is made directly for the material of which the calorimeter block is made. The total dose in other materials can be calculated from this measured value using Eq 3 presented in this test method. The need for such calculations and the choice of materials for which calculations are to be made shall be subject to agreement by the parties to the test.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parenthesis are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F526 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Using Calorimeters for Total Dose Measurements in Pulsed
1
Linear Accelerator or Flash X-ray Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF526;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers a calorimetric measurement of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the total absorbed dose delivered by a single pulse of electrons
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
from an electron linear accelerator or a flash X-ray machine
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(FXR,e-beammode).Thetestmethodisdesignedforusewith
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pulses of electrons in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeVand
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
isonlyvalidforcasesinwhichboththecalorimeterandthetest
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
specimen to be irradiated are “thin” compared to the range of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
these electrons in the materials of which they are constructed.
1.2 The procedure described can be used in those cases in
2. Referenced Documents
2
which (1) the dose delivered in a single pulse is 5 Gy(matl)
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
[500rd(matl)]orgreater,or(2)multiplepulsesofalowerdose
E170Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and
can be delivered in a short time compared to the thermal time
Dosimetry
constant of the calorimeter. The units for the total absorbed
E230Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
dose delivered to a material require the specification of the
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
materialandthenotation“matl”referstotheactivematerialof
E1894Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Applica-
the calorimeter. The minimum dose per pulse that can be
tion in Pulsed X-Ray Sources
acceptablymonitoreddependsonthevariablesoftheparticular
test, including pulse rate, pulse uniformity, and the thermal
3. Terminology
time constant of the calorimeter.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Adeterminationofthetotaldoseismadedirectlyforthe
3.1.1 device under test (DUT)—the device that is being
materialofwhichthecalorimeterblockismade.Thetotaldose
tested.
in other materials can be calculated from this measured value
3.1.2 Seebeck EMF—the electromagnetic force (EMF) gen-
using Eq 3 presented in this test method. The need for such
erated by the Seebeck effect when two wires composed of
calculations and the choice of materials for which calculations
dissimilar metals are joined at both ends and the ends are held
are to be made shall be subject to agreement by the parties to
atdifferenttemperatures.Avoltagecanbemeasuredacrossthe
the test.
terminals when current flows through the wires.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.3 temperature coeffıcient of resistance—the resistance
standard. The values in parenthesis are provided for informa-
change in a material per degree of temperature change dΩ/
tion only.
(Ω*dθ), where Ω denotes the resistance and θ denotes the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature. This quantity has units of inverse temperature
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and, for small changes about a reference temperature in a
conductor, this quantity is often modeled as a linear relation-
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE10onNuclear ship with temperature.
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E10.07 on Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally
3
published as F526–77 T. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F526–16. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/F0526-21. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
In1975theGeneralConferenceonWeightsandMeasuresadoptedtheunitgray Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(symbol – Gy) for absorbed dose; 1 Gy=100 rd. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F526 − 16 F526 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Using Calorimeters for Total Dose Measurements in Pulsed
1
Linear Accelerator or Flash X-ray Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F526; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a calorimetric measurement of the total absorbed dose delivered inby a single pulse of electrons from
an electron linear accelerator or a flash X-ray machine (FXR, e-beam mode) used as an ionizing source in radiation-effects testing.
mode). The test method is designed for use with pulses of electrons in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeV and is only valid for
cases in which both the calorimeter and the test specimen to be irradiated are “thin” compared to the range of these electrons in
the materials of which they are constructed.
2
1.2 The procedure described can be used in those cases in which (1) the dose delivered in a single pulse is 5 Gy(matl) [500 rd
(matl)] or greater, or (2) multiple pulses of a lower dose can be delivered in a short time compared to the thermal time constant
of the calorimeter. The units for the total absorbed dose delivered to a material require the specification of the material and the
notation “matl” refers to the active material of the calorimeter. The minimum dose per pulse that can be acceptably monitored
depends on the variables of the particular test, including pulse rate, pulse uniformity, and the thermal time constant of the
calorimeter.
1.3 A determination of the total dose is made directly for the material of which the calorimeter block is made. The total dose in
other materials can be calculated from this measured value by formulasusing Eq 3 presented in this test method. The need for such
calculations and the choice of materials for which calculations are to be made shall be subject to agreement by the parties to the
test.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parenthesis are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E10.07
on Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016June 1, 2021. Published July 2016July 2021. Originally published as F526 – 77 T. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
F526 – 11.F526 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/F0526-16.10.1520/F0526-21.
2
In 1975 the General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted the unit gray (symbol–Gy) (symbol – Gy) for absorbed dose; 1 Gy = 100 rad.rd.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F526 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and Dosimetry
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E1894 Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 device under test (DUT)—the device that is under the current test.being tested.
3.1.2 Seebeck EMF—the electromagnetic force (EMF) generated by the Seebeck effect when two wires composed of dissimilar
metals are joined at both ends and the ends are held at different temperatures. A voltage can be measured across the terminals when
current flows through the wires.
3.1.3 temperature coeffıcient of resistance—the resistance change in a mate
...
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