ASTM D3450-00(2010)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D3450–00(Reapproved2010)
Standard Test Method for
Washability Properties of Interior Architectural Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3450; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 soilant, n—a discoloring substance that clings to the
surfaceofacoating,whosedispersedcolorcomponentisnotin
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative
solution and therefore does not penetrate into the film.
ease of removing soilant discolorations from the dried film of
3.1.1.1 Discussion—soilant differs from stain in that the
an interior coating by washing with either an abrasive or
colorant of a stain is in solution and, therefore, can penetrate
nonabrasive cleaner.
into the film.
1.2 This test method is limited to coatings having a CIE-Y
reflectance of 60 % or more, as measured in accordance with
4. Summary of Test Method
Test Method E1347.
4.1 The test material is applied to a black plastic panel and
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
allowed to dry for 7 days. The reflectance of the film is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
measured (R ) and then a soilant consisting of carbon black
only.
dispersed in mineral oil is applied on the film. The panel is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
placed on a glass plate in a washability machine and the film is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
washed with either an abrasive or nonabrasive scrub medium
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for100cycles.Thepanelisrinsedanddriedandthereflectance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in the stained area is read (R ). The ratio of the reflectance,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
R /R , is a measure of the degree to which the soilant has been
2 1
2. Referenced Documents removed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
5.1 Interior architectural paints are often discolored by dirt
Krebs Unit (KU)Viscosity Using a Stormer-TypeViscom-
andothersoilantmaterials.Thistestmethodcoverstherelative
eter
ease and completeness of removal of a specific soilant from
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
such a surface by scrubbing. The greater the ease of soil
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
removal with a minimum of film erosion, the greater the useful
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
service life is expected to be.
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
5.2 Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily
Glass Electrode
correlate with all types of soilants.
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
5.3 Semigloss finishes generally require only the nonabra-
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
sive type cleaner for good soilant removal, whereas flat paints
3. Terminology may require the abrasive type.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Apparatus
6.1 Washability Tester, also referred to as a straight line
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
washability machine.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
6.1.1 Accessory Apparatus:
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3450 – 00 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/D3450-00R10. Model AG 8100 from BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910 and Model “D” from Paul N. Gardner Co., Inc., 316
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM N. E. First St., Pompano Beach ,FL 33060 were used originally in this test method.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on See RR D01-1065. Straight-line washability testers may be adapted to meet the
the ASTM website. requirements of this method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3450–00 (2010)
6.1.1.1 Glass Plate, measured to fit, 454 by 165 by 6.3 mm 7.6.1 MixcomponentsanddispersetoaHegmanfinenessof
7 1 1
(17 ⁄8 by 6 ⁄2 by ⁄4 in.). 7 (0.5 mils or 13 µm) or when measured in accordance with
6.1.1.2 Stainless Steel Pan. Test Method D1210.
6.1.1.3 “C” Clamps. 7.7 Scrub Media (Note 1).
,
9 8
6.1.1.4 Scale, standard. 7.7.1 Nonabrasive Medium consisting of the following:
6.1.1.5 White Blotter.
6.1.1.6 Holder, brass, measuring 95 by 76 by 25.4 mm (3 ⁄4
grams
A
Water 89.6
by 3 by 1 in.).
Hydroxyethyl cellulose 2.0
6.2 U-Shaped Film Caster, having both a 0.18-mm (7-
12,8
Detergent 4.0
mil) clearance by 132 mm width and a 0.25-mm (10-mil) Trisodium phosphate, anhydrous 4.0
B
Acetic acid glacial 0.3
clearance by 138 mm width.
13,8
Preservative 0.1
6.3 Film Applicator, 76 mm (3 in.) width with 76-µm
100.0
(3-mil) clearance. A
Vary to achieve a final consistency of 165 to 220 g (75 to 85 Krebs Units) with
a Stormer Viscometer in accordance with Test Method D562.
6.4 Suction Plate for drawdowns (large size).
B
Vary to achieve a final pH from 9.5 to 10.0 in accordance with Test Method
6.5 45°, 0° Reflectometer, with green filter, as specified in
E70.
Test Method E1347.
9,8
7.7.2 Abrasive Medium, consisting of the following:
6.6 Balance, with 0.1-g scale graduation.
grams
6.7 Fineness of Dispersion Gage, as specified in Test A
Water 49.4
Hydroxyethyl cellulose 0.8
Method D1210.
Ammonium hydroxide 28 % ---
12,8
Detergent 2.0
7. Reagents and Materials
Trisodium phosphate, anhydrous 2.0
14,8
Silica 45.0
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
B
Acetic acid, glacial 0.7
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
13,8
Preservative 0.1
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
100.0
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
A
Vary to achieve a final consistency of 475 to 600 g (110 to 120 Krebs Units)
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
with the Stormer Viscometer in accordance with Test Method D562.
B
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Vary to achieve a final pH of 9.5 to 10.0 in accordance with Test Method E70.
7.8 Slowly add the hydroxethyl cellulose to the water while
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
accuracy of the determination. stirring mechanically. Stir until uniform and then slowly add 2
to 3 drops of 28 % ammonium hydroxide solution while
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming mixing and continue mixing until the solution turns clear. In
the order shown, add the other ingredients separately, stirring
to Type IV of Specification D1193.
7.3 Black Plastic Panels. continuously. Be sure each item is uniformly dispersed before
,
7 8
adding the next one. Add the silica slowly to ensure uniform
7.4 Sponge .
7.5 Masking Tape. dispersion. Finally, add the preservative and adjust the pH with
,
9 8
glacial acetic acid.
7.6 Soilant Medium, consisting of the following:
grams
NOTE 1—When a referee test is made, prepare fresh medium or use
Mineral oil, USP heavy 60
standardized scrub medium from a previously unopened container that is
Odorless mineral spirits 32
10,8
no more than 1 year old.
Carbon black 8
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Washability Machine—The washability machine should
be leveled before use and operated at 37 6 1 cpm; each cycle
The Dow film caster from BYK-Gardner, was used originally in this test
method.
consisting of a complete forward and reverse stroke. Adjust
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
tautnessofthecableswithaspringscaletoapproximately5lb.
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
8.2 Sponge and Holder—Addsufficientweighttotheholder
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia in the form of lead sheets or other flat weights to give a
and N
...