ASTM F1060-87(1993)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: F 1060 – 87 (Reapproved 1993) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for Protective
Clothing for Hot Surface Contact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 15 was added editorially in October 1993.
1. Scope terial, the response to hot surface contact is indicated by the
following descriptive terms:
1.1 This test method is used to rate textile materials for
3.1.1 charring—the formation of a carbonaceous residue as
thermal resistance and insulation when exposed for a short
the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
period of time to a hot surface with a temperature up to 600°F
3.1.2 embrittlement—the formation of a brittle residue as a
(300°C). This test method is applicable to woven fabrics, knit
result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
fabrics, battings, and sheet structures intended for use as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
clothing for protection against short exposure to hot surfaces. It
3.2.1 heat flux—the thermal intensity indicated by the
is not intended for use in evaluating materials exposed to any
amount of energy transmitted per unit area and per unit time
other thermal exposure such as radiant energy or open flames.
(cal/cm ·s) (watts/cm ).
This test method is currently useful as a research and devel-
3.2.2 human tissue heat tolerance—in the testing of thermal
opment tool.
protective materials, the amount of thermal energy predicted to
1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe
cause a pain sensation or a second degree burn in human tissue.
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
3.2.3 ignition—the initiation and continuation of combus-
to heat under controlled laboratory conditions and should not
tion.
be used to describe or appraise the thermal hazard or fire risk
3.2.4 melting—a response evidenced by softening of the
of materials, products, or assemblies under actual exposure
material, resulting in a nonreversible change.
conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as
3.2.5 shrinkage—a response evidenced by reduction in
elements of a thermal risk assessment which takes into account
specimen size.
all the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the
3.2.6 sticking—a response evidenced by softening and ad-
thermal hazard of a particular end use.
herence of the material to the hot surface or other material.
1.3 The values as stated in inch–pound units are to be
3.2.7 thermal end point—in the testing of thermal protective
regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given
materials, the point at which the sensor response on the
for information only.
recorder chart intersects the human tissue burn tolerance
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
criteria overlay.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 This test method measures the performance of insulative
materials. A material is placed in contact with a standard hot
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 surface. The amount of heat transmitted by the material is
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
compared with the human tissue tolerance and the obvious
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
effects of the heat on the material are noted.
3. Terminology
4.2 The temperature of the hot surface is measured/
controlled with a thermocouple and the heat transmitted by the
3.1 Definitions—In testing thermal protection clothing ma-
test specimen is measured with a copper calorimeter. The
calorimeter temperature increase is a direct measure of the heat
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F–23 on energy received.
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F 23.80 on
4.3 A contact pressure of 0.5 psi (3 kPa) is used to compare
Molten Substances.
material performance under controlled conditions. A different
Current edition approved July 31, 1987. Published September 1987.
pressure may be chosen to represent a specific use condition,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1060
and where it is used should be noted under test conditions 6.3 Surface plate— The flat plate shall be ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm)
(13.1.2.3). thick, 5.5 by 5.5 in. (140 by 140 mm) wide, with a ⁄32-in.
4.4 The material performance is determined from the (2.4-mm) hole drilled from the edge to the center of the plate
amount of heat transferred by the specimen and the observed (Fig. 2). Either electrolytic copper or T-1100 aluminum surface
effect of the heat exposure on the specimen. The thermal plates may be used. The surface plate must be flat, smooth, and
protection is the exposure time required to cause the accumu- free from pits and cavities. (Flatness is indicated by negligible
lated heat received by the sensor to equal the heat that will light passing between a straight edge and the plate surface.)
result in a pain sensation (see Table 1) or cause a second degree Loss of the original mill finish (as judged with the naked eye)
burn in human tissue (see Table 2), as predicted from compari- or warping, or both, may result in failure to achieve calibration
son of heat transfer data with human tissue heat tolerance with the reference standard.
curves (see Table 1).
6.4 Sensor—A copper calorimeter mounted in an insulating
block with added weight and constructed as shown in Figs. 3
5. Significance and Use
and 4. The calorimeter must fit securely in the insulating block
5.1 This test method rates textile materials intended for use
and its surface must be flush with the face of the insulating
as protective clothing against exposure to hot surfaces, for their
block.
thermal insulating properties and their reaction to the test
NOTE 1—Caution: Surface variations may result in failure to achieve
conditions.
calibration with the reference standard.
5.2 The thermal protection time as determined by this test
method will relate to the actual end-use performance only to
6.5 Calibration Specimen—Six new, not previously tested
the degree that the end-use exposure is identical to the
sheets of ordinary newspaper with total thickness of 0.021 6
exposure used in this test method, that is, conductive energy
0.002 in. (0.53 6 0.05 mm).
from hot surfaces up to 600°F (300°C) and under a pressure of
6.6 Recorder—Any strip chart recorder with full-scale de-
0.5 psi (3 kPa).
flection of at least 300°F (150°C) or 10 mV and sufficient
5.3 The procedure maintains the specimen in a static,
sensitivity and scale divisions to read sensor response to 62°F
horizontal position under a standard pressure and does not
(1°C) or 60.05 mV. A chart speed to read exposure time to
involve movement.
60.1 s is required, 0.5 in./s (13 mm/s) is satisfactory.
5.4 This test method for materials for thermal protective
performance is intended for use in comparing the relative
7. Hazards
performance of various materials. Because information on the
7.1 Perform the test in a hood or a ventilated area to carry
possible biases that could exist between various laboratories
away degradation products, smoke, and fumes. Exercise care to
and their specific test fixtures is limited, this test method is not
prevent contact with hot surfaces. Use protective gloves when
recommended for direct comparison of results between labo-
handling hot objects. Have an appropriate portable fire extin-
ratories. If use of this test method is desired for acceptance
guisher nearby.
testing of commercial shipments, it is recommended that each
laboratory involved perform the test on a series of duplicate
8. Sampling
specimens drawn from the same material samples so that the
8.1 Lot Size—For acceptance sampling purposes, a lot is
statistical bias can be computed and any disagreements arising
defined as a single shipment of a single style of fabric. A lot
out of the differences can be resolved.
may constitute all or part of a single customer order.
6. Apparatus
8.2 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
6.1 General Arrangement—The arrangement of the indi- take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between
vidual components of the test apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
6.2 Hot Plate—Shall have a flat heated surface with the the purchaser and the supplier.
smallest dimension, a minimum of at least 8 in. (200 mm) and 8.3 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample, take from
have the ability to achieve a temperature of at least 700°F the outside of each roll in the lot sample a full width swatch of
(371°C) and to permit temperature control within 6 5°F fabric 1 yd (1 m) long after discarding a full width length of at
(2.8°C). least 1 yd (1 m) from the very outside of each roll.
TABLE 1 Human Tissue Tolerance to Pain Sensation
Heat Flux Total Heat Calorimeter Equivalent
Exposure
Time 2 2 2 2
cal/cm ·sec W/cm cal/cm ·s W sec/cm DT°, F DT°, C DmV
1.0 0.640 2.70 0.640 2.70 8.53 4.74 0.250
1.5 0.475 2.00 0.713 3.00 9.51 5.28 0.275
2.0 0.385 1.61 0.770 3.22 10.27 5.71 0.293
3.0 0.280 1.17 0.840 3.51 11.20 6.22 0.322
5.0 0.195 0.82 0.975 4.08 13.00 7.22 0.375
7.0 0.155 0.65 1.085 4.54 14.47 8.04 0.420
10.0 0.118 0.49 1.180 4.94 15.73 8.74 0.458
20.0 0.076 0.32 1.520 6.36 20.27 11.26 0.582
30.0 0.060 0.25 1.800 7.53 24.00 13.33 0.690
50.0 0.060 0.25 3.000 12.55 40.00 22.22 1.150
F 1060
A
TABLE 2 Human Tissue Tolerance to Second Degree Burn
B
Heat Flux Total Heat Calorimeter
Exposure Equivalent,
2 2 2 2
Time, s DmV
cal/cm ·s W/cm cal/cm ·s W/cm DT,° F DT, °C
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
1 1.2 5.0 1.20 5.0 16.0 8.9 0.46
2 0.73 3.1 1.46 6.1 19.5 10.8 0.57
3 0.55 2.3
...