ASTM F1776-99a

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1776 – 99a
Standard Specification for
Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This is the specification for eye protective devices, or EPD, to be used in the sport of paintball.
Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards. These hazards include being hit by
paintballs. Protective equipment cannot eliminate all injuries but will substantially reduce their
severity and frequency. Participation in this sport by a player implies acceptance of injury risk. The
goal of protective equipment is to minimize the risk of injury.
Performance requirements are presented and are intended to minimize injury with minimal
impairment of the form and appeal of the sport. This specification is subject to revision as indicated
by subsequent injury statistics.
The impact requirements are designed to give eye and adnexal protection from paintball impacts
likely to be encountered under game conditions. While the EPD also may protect the user from other
potential impacts, such as running into tree branches, there are many conceivable impacts, including
falls from heights, which could exceed the specification and result in eye injury despite the use of the
EPD.
1. Scope of Transparent Plastics
F 803 Specification for Eye Protectors for Use by Players of
1.1 This specification applies to eye protective devices,
Racquet Sports
designed for use by players of the sport of paintball, that
2.2 ANSI Standards:
minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa
Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and
due to impact and penetration of paintballs.
Fashion Eyewear
1.2 Eye protective devices meeting the requirements of this
Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and
specification offer protection to the eyes and adnexa and not
Face Protectors
necessarily to any other parts of the head.
2.3 Federal Standards:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
No. 406
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
No. 3022
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 adnexa, n—adjunct parts of the eye, including the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
orbit, orbital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 astigmatism, n—a condition in a lens that creates two
1.5 This specification does not limit the wearing of eye-
axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
glasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with the
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two
EPD.
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.3 base-in, adj—relating to the type of prism imbalance
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-
D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
verge.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-08 on Sports Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.57 on Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Eye Safety for Sports. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
published as F 1776 – 97. Last previous edition F 1776 – 99. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1776
3.1.4 base-out, adj—relating to the type of prism imbalance 3.1.8 coverage, n—a characteristic of an EPD that protects
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an the eyes by obstructing straight line paths that are coincident
EPD, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge. with the wearer’s eyes.
3.1.5 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view that is
3.1.9 definition, optical, n—the characteristic of a lens that
shared by both eyes simultaneously.
allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-
3.1.6 central viewing zone, n—that part of a lens that has its
cerned when looking through the lens.
center in line with the wearer’s line of sight when looking
3.1.10 eye, n—relating to the eye of the headform or the eye
straight ahead. The zone is circular in shape. For the purpose of
of a person wearing an EPD or that part of an EPD through
this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mm in
which a wearer’s eye would normally look.
diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the
3.1.11 eye of the headform, n—all structures contained
point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
within the orbital rim of the Alderson or CSA headform.
6 7
mounted on the Alderson 50th percentile or CSA adult
3.1.12 eye protective device (or EPD), n— a device that
headform.
provides protection to the wearer’s eyes against specific
3.1.7 cleanable, adj—the ability of an EPD to be made
hazards encountered in sports.
readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an
3.1.13 haze, n—the fraction of the total transmitted light
appropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.
from a normally incident beam that is not transmitted in a
focused condition but scattered by inclusions or surface de-
fects. Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.
Available from FTSS, 47460 Galleon Drive, Plymouth, MI 48170.
3.1.14 headform optical parameters, n—key dimensions for
Available from CSA, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale, Toronto, Canada, M9W1R3.
A = 2.60 6 0.05 in. (66.0 6 1.3 mm)
B = C = 1.256 0.03 in. (31.8 6 0.8 mm)
D = E = 4.306 0.10 in. (109.2 6 2.5 mm)
F = G = 4.056 0.10 in. (102.9 6 2.5 mm)
H = I = 3.106 0.10 in. (78.7 6 2.5 mm)
J = 3.25 6 0.05 in. (82.6 6 1.3 mm)
NOTE 1—If headform is found to be symmetrical or is to be made symmetrical then B = C, D = E, F = G, and H = I.
A = Interpupillary distance.
B = Distance of right eye pupil from sagittal plane.
C = Distance of left eye pupil from sagittal plane.
D = Distance of right eye pupil from top of headform.
E = Distance of left eye pupil from top of headform.
F = Distance of top of right ear/headform junction from top of headform.
G = Distance of top of left ear/headform junction from top of headform.
H = Distance from right side of headform to sagittal plane.
I = Distance from left side of headform to sagittal plane.
J = Distance between front of pupil and top of ear/headform junction.
FIG. 1 50th Percentile
F 1776
the headform as provided in Fig. 1. 4.1.6 Prism Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
3.1.15 lens, n—the transparent part of parts of an EPD 6.4 or 6.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the following
through which the wearer normally sees. criteria:
3.1.16 lens retention component(s), n—components, sepa- 4.1.6.1 Vertical Imbalance, shall not exceed +0.25 diopters.
rate from the lens, that are designed to retain the lens in the 4.1.6.2 Horizontal Imbalances—Negative values (base-in)
frame or body of the EPD. shall not be less than −0.25 prism diopters, and positive values
3.1.17 luminous transmittance, n—luminous transmittance (base-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.
is a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted 4.1.7 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance
by the corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous with 6.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than
efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric 60 % for clear lenses and not less than 20 % for tinted lenses,
observer and by the spectral intensity of standard Illumination unless labeled very dark in which case the minimum trans-
C (see ANSI Z80.3). mittance shall be no less than 8 %. All tinted lenses shall be
3.1.18 paintball fragment, n—a part of the shell of the labeled Not for use in low light conditions.
paintball that will not be surrounded completely bya3by 4.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 6.5, the haze
5-mm rectangle . of the EPD shall not exceed 3 %.
3.1.19 orbital area, n—the area contained in a circle r = 4.1.9 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone,
20-mm centered on the pupil of the headform. striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that are
3.1.20 power imbalance, n—a condition that exists when apparent under the optical inspection test conditions of 6.2
the refractive power created by the right lens of the EPD is shall be considered a failure. An exception is when small
different from that of the left lens. specks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is held
3.1.21 prism, n—the angular deviation of a ray of light as it close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause of
passes through a lens resulting from the angle at which the ray rejection.
strikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction of 4.1.10 Physical Lens Defects—Within the central viewing
the material from which it is made. zone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, water marks, or
3.1.22 prism imbalance: other defects that are apparent under the visible inspection test
3.1.22.1 horizontal imbalance, n—the difference in pris- conditions of 6.7 shall be considered a failure. An exception
matic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes that small specks or inclusions, which are not seen when the
of an EPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and lens is held close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not
base-out). be cause of rejection.
3.1.22.2 vertical imbalance, n—the difference in prismatic 4.2 Mechanical Requirements:
deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes 4.2.1 No contact by components of the EPD or paintball
of an EPD in the vertical meridian. fragments with the orbital area of the headform shall be
3.1.23 refractive power, n—the focusing effect of a lens permitted when tested in accordance with Section 7.
expressed in diopters. 4.2.2 Any visible fracture of the lens or frame constitutes a
3.1.24 spherical power, n—the average of the maximum failure.
meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional 4.2.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame constitutes
astigmatic power of a lens. a failure.
4.2.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component from
4. Performance Requirements
the lens constitutes a failure.
4.1 Optical Requirements:
4.2.5 Any dislodging of an EPD from the face protection
4.1.1 Field of View—When tested in accordance with 6.1,
component to which it is attached constitutes a failure.
the EPD shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding the
4.2.6 Any rotation of the headgear system in the headform
following:
that would permit contact of a 15.9-mm (0.625-in.) diameter
4.1.1.1 Temporal Field—50°.
cylindrical probe to the orbital area of the headform constitutes
4.1.1.2 Nasal Field—30°.
failure.
4.1.1.3 Superior Field—30°.
5. Sample Preparation
4.1.1.4 Inferior Field—30°.
4.1.2 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance 5.1 Eye Protective Devices:
with 6.6, the spherical power shall not be less than −0.37 5.1.1 Only new and complete EPDs as offered for sale shall
diopters and shall not exceed +0.06 diopters. be tested.
4.1.3 Astigmatism—When tested in accordance with 6.6, 5.1.2 EPDs shall be subjected to a single impact test.
the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters. 5.1.3 The EPD shall be conditioned for a minimum of4hat
4.1.4 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with the specified temperature prior to each test.
6.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians between 5.2 Test Temperatures:
the two eyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18 5.2.1 Cold Test, −12.2°C6 2°C (10°F 6 3.5°F).
diopters. 5.2.2 Room Temp, 23°C6 2°C (73°F 6 3.5°F).
4.1.5 Prism—When tested in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, the 5.2.3 Hot Test, 37.8°C6 2°C (100°F 6 3.5°F).
primary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall not 5.3 Paintballs:
exceed 0.5 prism diopters. 5.3.1 All impact testing shall be done using paintballs
F 1776
manufactured within the previous eight months. Paintballs base with its center coincident with the axis of rotation. Base A
shall be used for impact testing only after a sampling of should protrude forward to allow for the protractor markings.
paintballs taken from the bulk container fall within the param-
These indicate the position of B. Item B comprises the main
eters specified in 5.3.3 and 5.3.4. The paintball bulk container carriage of the gimbal. Item C comprises the vertically rotating
shall be resealed immediately after each group of paintballs is
member. Sections CR and CL are the right and left vertical
removed. Paintball storage and nontest handling shall be done
supports. Fig. 3 shows the horizontal view. A window in the
at a relative humidity below 55 % and at a temperature
left of the vertical B support makes the protractor markings on
between 12.7°C (55°F) and 29°C (85°F).
section CL visible for accurate setting. Section CL can be
5.3.2 Paintballs used for impact testing shall be conditioned
pie-shaped, providing that a 60° angle can be read. The
in a sealed packet (bag) for at least4hatthe specified
markings should be made every 5° and marked every ten. A set
temperature for each test. Impact testing shall be completed 1
screw should be threaded into the B section or a ⁄4-20 nut can
within 3 min after removal of the paintballs from their
be inlayed if section B is wooden. Ensure that ⁄4-20 thumb
temperature conditioning atmosphere.
screws are available readily for use as the set screw. The
5.3.3 Weight and Dimension Test—Measure a sampling of
location of the standard head should be planned to obtain a
25 paintballs. Their weight shall be at or between 3.1 and 3.3
good balance for vertical rotations. The horizontal rotation axis
g. Their diameter, measured both at the seam and polar, shall be
should be in the plane of the corneas. The axis t
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