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ASTM D5867-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the color, trash content, micronaire, length, length uniformity, strength and elongation of cotton fibers using the Spinlab System HVI 900 SA or the Motion Control, Inc. Systems HVI 3500 and HVI 4000 that are a series of instruments connected to single dedicated programmed computers.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to loose fibers taken from raw or partially processed cotton and some types of cotton waste.
1.3 These test methods contain the following sections:
1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This test method covers the comparison of the color of raw cotton with the official standards of the United States Department of Agriculture for Color Grade of cotton by means of a cotton colorimeter of the Nickerson-Hunter type. It can be used to measure the color of any type of raw cotton but is particularly applicable to Upland and American Pima cotton, for which official grade Standards have been established.
1.6 The instrument employs the use of a programmable microprocessor with memory for controlling internal operations and performing required calibration, calculation, and data presentation. Note 1For another method describing the measurement of the color of raw cotton, refer to Test Method D 2253.
1.7 This test method describes the measurement of the amount of trash as seen by a video camera focused on the surface of a test specimen of cotton pressed against a glass window. Note 2For another method describing the measurement of trash or non-lint content of cotton, refer to Test Method D 2812.
1.8 The instrument may be incorporated within the space occupied by and adjacent to the apparatus to measure color of raw cotton (see Sections ), thus permitting simultaneous measurement of color and trash on the same test specimen.
1.9 This test method describes the determination of the micronaire of loose cotton by measuring the resistance of a plug of cotton to air flow under prescribed conditions. The instrument employs a programmed microprocessor with memory for controlling internal operation and performing required calibration, adjustments, calculations, and data presentation. For another method describing the determination of micronaire, refer to Test Method D 1448.
1.10 The measurement of length and length uniformity is made by outputting a voltage directly proportional to the amount of fiber in the prepared specimen at a given distance from the base of the test beard. The Spinlab system uses a fibrograph-type photo electrical instrument. The Motion Control system uses a length analyzer pneumatic instrument. Note 3For another method describing the measurement of cotton fiber length, refer to Test Method D 1447.
1.11 This test method describes the determination of the breaking tenacity and elongation at the breaking force of cotton fibers in a test specimen in which fibers have been placed randomly in a specimen comb or clamp and broken using (3.2-mm) 1/8-in. clamp spacing. In the cotton textile industry, this physical property is usually called "strength". Note 4 For other methods covering the measurement of cotton fiber strength, refer to Test Method D 1445.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
59.060.10 - Natural fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.11 - Cotton Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5867-95 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments (Withdrawn 2004)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D5867-12 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7139-20 - Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1441-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1776/D1776M-20 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1445/D1445M-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D5867-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume InstrumentsASTM D5867-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments
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ASTM D5867-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5867–05
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by
1
High Volume Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton
Fibers
1.1 These test methods cover the color, trash content,
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
micronaire, length, length uniformity, strength and elongation
D2253 Test Method for Color of Raw Cotton Using the
of cotton fibers using the Spinlab System HVI 900 SA or the
Nickerson-Hunter Cotton Colorimeter
Motion Control, Inc. Systems HVI 3500 and HVI 4000 that are
D2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
a series of instruments connected to single dedicated pro-
D3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results
grammed computers.
by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
1.2 These test methods are applicable to loose fibers taken
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
from raw or partially processed cotton and some types of
Related Properties of Textiles
cotton waste.
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
1.3 These test methods contain the following sections:
Section
3. Terminology
Color of Cotton 7-15
Trash Content of Samples of Cotton Fibers 16-24
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to D7139
Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers 25-33
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers 34-42
breaking tenacity, elongation at break, mean length, micronaire
Breaking Tenacity and Elongation of Cotton Fibers 43-51
Precision and Bias 52
reading, particle count, percent area, span length, Rd and +b,
strength, test beard, uniformity index, uniformity ratio, upper-
1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to
half-mean length.
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
parentheses are for information only.
Terminology D123 and Terminology D4848.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use—General
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 These test methods are used in the trade and are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shipments when the level of tests, of any one or several or all
2. Referenced Documents of the individual physical properties, in the laboratory of the
2
purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier are controlled by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the use of the same laboratory control samples.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
test results when using these test methods for acceptance
D1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5867 – 95. DOI:
10.1520/D5867-05.
to each laboratory for testing average results from the two
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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ASTM D1576-22(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2462 for the determination of the moisture in wool by distillation with toluene is the preferred method for testing wool for moisture for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments. If, however, the purchaser and the supplier agree, Test Method D1576 for the determination of the moisture in wool by oven drying may be used instead. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture present in ordinary commercial and industrial samples of wool in all forms except grease wool, using the oven-drying technique.  
1.2 Formulas for calculating the moisture content (as-received basis) and moisture regain (oven-dried basis) are given. It is always important to use the correct term which corresponds to the basis used in the calculation (see 12.2.1).  
Note 1: The determination of moisture content for textile materials in general is covered in Test Methods D2654, and an optimal method for determining the moisture in wool by distillation with toluene is covered in Test Method D2462. A method for sampling wool for the determination of moisture in wool is covered in Practice D2525. The oven-drying method has been adapted for cotton in Test Method D2495.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D1574-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool and Other Animal Fibers

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5.1 Test Method D1574 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1574 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method may be used to estimate the quantity of oil, grease, and waxy materials remaining on or in wool fibers after scouring, or the quantity of lubricant added before carding or remaining after carding, or the quantity of such materials added or removed in subsequent processing operations.  
5.3 The residues obtained in this test may be subjected to chemical analysis for identification and assay of the component materials, if desired.  
5.4 The specified solvent in this test method does not remove some materials, such as soaps, that may be present in wool and hence in some cases may reflect more closely the added content of some extractables in wool such as oils. When such materials are present and an estimate of their quantity is desired, some other solvent or combination of solvents should be used as spec...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of extractable matter in samples of all forms of wool, except grease wool, that is extractable with a non-flammable vapor degreasing and cleaning solvent.  
1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of the amounts of different components in the extracted matter nor their identification.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for use with other animal fibers.  
Note 1: The determination of extractable matter in yarns and in felts is covered in Test Methods D2257 and D461. For the determination of alcohol-extractable matter in oven-dry scoured wool, refer to Test Methods D584 and D1334.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 and Note 3.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1294-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fiber Bundles 1-in. (25.4 mm) Gage Length

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1294 for the determination of tensile strength may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool, but caution is advised since technicians may fail to get good agreement between results. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is useful in studying the relationship between fiber strength and product quality; results should be considered comparative rather than fundamental since the strength found will be lower than the sum of the strengths of the individual fibers present due to slight differences in tensioning.  
5.3 Elongation may be obtained also but the accuracy of elongation measurements is limited and their determination is, therefore, not included as a formal part of this test method.  
5.4 The basic differences between the procedures employed in this test method and those of Test Method D2524 are in the gage lengths employed and the methods of clamping. In Test Method D2524, specific clamps are required whereas in Test Method D1294, any conventional clamps may be used. Results for breaking load determined by Test Method D2524 average 30 % higher than ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is included.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.  
Note 1: For other methods of measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles, refer to Test Methods D1445 and D2524.
Note 2: This test method can be used for other fibers that lend themselves to the same kind of preparation but the difference in density must be taken into account when calculating the tensile strength. It is not necessary to know or correct for the density of a fiber when calculating breaking tenacity.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8394-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automated Measurement of Maturity, Fineness, Ribbon Width, and Micronaire of Cotton Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cotton fiber that is on average finer and more mature is more desirable than coarse or immature fiber, although distinction between these qualities cannot be made quickly and accurately using current test methods. Immature fibers break more easily during processing and have a tendency to form into neps (small entanglements) during processing in the spinning mill. These consequences adversely affect yarn and fabric quality and appearance. Yarn and fabric produced from immature fiber is typically also less lustrous and does not take up dye consistently so yarn and fabric appearance may be different after dyeing.  
5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with fiber length and strength but genetic differences and differences in fiber wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship.  
5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species.  
5.2.2 Micronaire has traditionally been used as a measure of fiber fineness although the value actually measures fiber specific surface area or surface area per unit weight. As a result, micronaire varies concomitantly with both maturity and fineness (see Fig. 2). Maturity and fineness are related to micronaire via Lord’s equation.4
FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M)  
5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant5,6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric.  
1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber.2
FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument
Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6961/D6961M-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E308.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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