ISO/FDIS 1247-1

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 1247-1
ISO/TC 256
Aluminium pigments for paints —
Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
2021-05-14
General aluminium pigments
Voting terminates on:
2021-07-09
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 1247-1:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
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ISO/FDIS 1247-1:2021(E)
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Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Description ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

5 Classification ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

6 Requirements and test methods .......................................................................................................................................................... 2

7 Sampling ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

8 Determination of non-volatile-matter content ..................................................................................................................... 3

8.1 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

8.2 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8.2.1 Number of determinations...................................................................................................................................... 4

8.2.2 Test portion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8.2.3 Determination .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8.3 Expression of results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

9 Determination of matter soluble in organic solvents .................................................................................................... 5

10 Comparison of appearance ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

10.1 Test portion ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

10.2 Assessment ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

11 Determination of residue on sieve ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

11.1 Reagent .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

11.2 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

11.3 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

11.3.1 Test portion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8

11.3.2 Determination .................................................................................................................................................................... 8

11.4 Expression of results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8

12 Determination of water-covering capacity ............................................................................................................................... 8

12.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

12.2 Reagents........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

12.3 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

12.4 Pre-treatment of sample ..............................................................................................................................................................10

12.5 Preparation of trough .....................................................................................................................................................................10

12.6 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................10

12.6.1 Test portion .......................................................................................................................................................................10

12.6.2 Determination .................................................................................................................................................................11

12.7 Expression of results .......................................................................................................................................................................11

12.8 Precision ....................................................................................................................................................................................................12

12.8.1 Repeatability ....................................................................................................................................................................12

12.8.2 Reproducibility ...............................................................................................................................................................12

13 Determination of leafing power ........................................................................................................................................................12

13.1 Reagents.....................................................................................................................................................................................................12

13.2 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................12

13.3 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................13

13.3.1 Test portion .......................................................................................................................................................................13

13.3.2 Determination .................................................................................................................................................................13

13.4 Expression of results .......................................................................................................................................................................14

13.5 Precision ....................................................................................................................................................................................................15

13.5.1 Repeatability ....................................................................................................................................................................15

13.5.2 Reproducibility ...............................................................................................................................................................15

14 Determination of water content ........................................................................................................................................................15

14.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................15

14.2 Electrometric titration method..............................................................................................................................................15

14.3 Visual titration method .................................................................................................................................................................15

14.4 Expression of results .......................................................................................................................................................................15

15 Determination of lead (spectrophotometric method) ...............................................................................................16

15.1 Reagents.....................................................................................................................................................................................................16

15.2 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................16

15.3 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................17

15.3.1 Test portion .......................................................................................................................................................................17

15.3.2 Blank test .............................................................................................................................................................................17

15.3.3 Determination .................................................................................................................................................................17

16 Determination of hiding power ..........................................................................................................................................................17

16.1 Apparatus and materials .............................................................................................................................................................17

16.2 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................18

17 Determination of metallic impurities with flame atomic absorption spectrometric

method .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................18

17.1 Determination range .......................................................................................................................................................................18

17.2 Principle .....................................................................................................................................................................................................18

17.3 Reagent .......................................................................................................................................................................................................18

17.4 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................20

17.5 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................20

17.5.1 Test portion .......................................................................................................................................................................20

17.5.2 Blank experiment .........................................................................................................................................................20

17.5.3 Preparation of the test sample ..........................................................................................................................20

17.5.4 Treatment of the different elements in the sample ........................................................................21

17.5.5 Spectrometric measurement ..............................................................................................................................21

17.5.6 Expression of results .................................................................................................................................................22

18 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................22

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................23

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 256, Pigments, dyestuff and extenders.

This first edition of ISO 1247-1, together with ISO 1247-2, cancels and replaces ISO 1247:1974, which has

been technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 1247:1974/Amd 1:1982.

— Clause 3, Terms and definitions, has been added and the terms “non-volatile-matter” and “hiding

— a distinction between surface-treated and surface-untreated aluminium pigments has been

— the requirements and test methods of “pigment specific surface area”, “particle size distribution”

and “hiding power” and the corresponding test methods have been added to Table 1 and Table 1 has

— the test method for “manganese” has been deleted from the metallic impurities in Table 1;

— the flame atomic absorption spectrometric method has been introduced to determine metal

— the normative references have been updated and the text has been editorially revised.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

Since the beginning of the new millennium, with the progress in technology and product development,

there is a boom of new types of aluminium pigments which, serving as heat-resistant or rust-proof

coatings or as colorants, find their ways into applications in a wide range of industrial sectors.

Aluminium pigments can be conveniently divided into two groups according to their forms: general

aluminium pigments produced in a milling process and vacuum metallized aluminium pigments (VMP)

(see ISO 1247-2). As the technical requirements are different for aluminium pigments used in different

fields, it is necessary to develop an international standard for each of the two groups.

To meet the needs in the marketing of aluminium pigments, characteristics such as “particle size

distribution” and “hiding power”, as well as their corresponding testing methods, are introduced in this

To improve the safety of the aluminium pigments, the organic solvents and auxiliary agents of low

flashpoints have been substituted by reagents with high flashpoints, the “matter volatile at 105 °C” has

been replaced by “non-volatile-matter”, for which testing methods are developed according to ISO 3251.

The previous edition (i.e. ISO 1247:1974) uses different spectrophotometric methods to determine the

content of lead, iron and copper, and the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) titration method

to determine zinc. These methods are cumbersome to operate. The method used to determine lead

involves the use of potassium cyanate, a highly toxic agent seldom used since the 1990s, and the method

used to determine zinc is applicable only to samples with a total zinc content of 0,10 % or above, and

does not suit the status quo of the aluminium pigment industry. While these old methods are retained

in this document, the flame atomic absorption spectrometric method is introduced as a new option for

the determination of the above mentioned metallic impurities. This method is faster, operation-friendly,

To use as little toxic reagent as possible, this document resorts to using 2-Butoxyethanol or n-butyl

acetate to replace acetone, which, as material likely to be used for making illegal drugs, is now forbidden

This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for aluminium pigments

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 793, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Determination of iron — Orthophenanthroline photometric

ISO 795, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Determination of copper content — Oxalyldihydrazide

ISO 808, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Determination of silicon — Spectrophotometric method with

ISO 9277, adsorption — BET method Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas

ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling

ISO 18451-1, Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders — Terminology — Part 1: General terms

ISO 18451-2, Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders — Terminology — Part 2: Classification of colouring

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18451-1, ISO 18451-2 and the

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Note 1 to entry: Instead of the term “non-volatile matter” different terms, such as solid, dry residue, dry matter,

solid matter, stoving residue are being used commonly with the respective abbreviations. The term “non-volatile

matter” which is also applied in ISO 3251 should be used together with the abbreviation “NV” instead of these

ability of a pigmented medium to hide the colour or the colour differences of a substrate

Aluminium pigments are composed of finely divided aluminium metal. The particles of aluminium metal

are lamellar in shape when examined microscopically. It is typically divided by the predominant flake

shape into “cornflake” (flakes with predominantly ragged and uneven flake shape) and “silverdollar”

The material may be in the form of a powder or a paste and have leafing or non-leafing characteristics

and the surface of the aluminium flakes may be untreated or treated by technical processing.

Mica and other adulterants shall be absent. If, in solution of the sample in hydrochloric acid as described

NOTE Untreated refers to milled aluminium pigments with necessary milling agents. Treated refers to

the involvement of an additional process to modify the aluminium surface in order to protect the pigments, for

The material shall have the characteristics given in the appropriate column of Table 1.

The liquid contained in paste pigment shall be agreed between the interested parties.