oSIST prEN 1999-1-3:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1999-1-3:2021
01-maj-2021

Evrokod 9: Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin - 1-3. del: Konstrukcije,

Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue

Eurocode 9 - Calcul des structures en aluminium - Partie 1-3 : Structures sensibles à la

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Eurocode 9 - Calcul des structures en aluminium - Eurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion von

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1999-1-3:2021 E

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 11

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-3 .................................................................................................................................. 11

1.2 Assumptions ................................................................................................................................................... 11

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 11

3 Terms, definitions and symbols .............................................................................................................. 11

3.1 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 11

3.2 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................ 15

4 Basis of design ............................................................................................................................................... 17

4.1 Basic rules ....................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.2 Methods of fatigue design ......................................................................................................................... 18

4.2.1 Safe life design (SLD) .................................................................................................................................. 18

4.2.2 Damage tolerant design (DTD) ............................................................................................................... 18

4.2.3 Design assisted by testing ......................................................................................................................... 19

4.3 Fatigue loading .............................................................................................................................................. 19

4.3.1 Sources of fatigue loading ......................................................................................................................... 19

4.3.2 Derivation of fatigue loading ................................................................................................................... 19

4.3.3 Equivalent fatigue loading ........................................................................................................................ 20

4.4 Partial factors for fatigue loads ............................................................................................................... 20

4.5 Execution requirements ............................................................................................................................ 20

4.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 20

4.5.2 Execution classes .......................................................................................................................................... 21

4.5.3 Execution specification .............................................................................................................................. 21

4.5.4 Operation manual ........................................................................................................................................ 21

4.5.5 Inspection and maintenance manual .................................................................................................... 21

5 Materials, constituent products and connecting devices .............................................................. 21

6 Durability ........................................................................................................................................................ 22

7 Structural analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 22

7.1 Global analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 22

7.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 22

7.1.2 Use of beam elements ................................................................................................................................. 24

7.1.3 Use of membrane, shell and solid elements ....................................................................................... 24

7.2 Types of stresses .......................................................................................................................................... 24

7.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 24

7.2.2 Nominal stresses .......................................................................................................................................... 25

7.2.3 Modified nominal stresses ........................................................................................................................ 25

7.2.4 Hot spot stresses........................................................................................................................................... 25

7.3 Derivation of stresses ................................................................................................................................. 27

7.3.1 Derivation of nominal stresses ............................................................................................................... 27

7.3.2 Derivation of modified nominal stresses ............................................................................................ 27

7.3.3 Derivation of hot spot stresses ................................................................................................................ 28

7.3.4 Stress orientation ......................................................................................................................................... 28

7.4 Stress ranges for specific initiation sites ............................................................................................. 29

7.4.1 Parent material, welds, and mechanically fastened joints............................................................ 29

7.4.2 Fillet and partial penetration butt welds ............................................................................................. 29

7.5 Adhesive bonds ............................................................................................................................................. 30

7.6 Castings ............................................................................................................................................................ 30

7.7 Stress spectra ................................................................................................................................................. 30

7.8 Calculation of equivalent stress range for standardized fatigue load models ....................... 30

7.8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 30

7.8.2 Design value of stress range ..................................................................................................................... 31

8 Fatigue resistance and detail categories .............................................................................................. 31

8.1 Detail categories ........................................................................................................................................... 31

8.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 31

8.1.2 Factors affecting detail category ............................................................................................................. 31

8.1.3 Constructional details ................................................................................................................................. 32

8.2 Fatigue strength data .................................................................................................................................. 32

8.2.1 Classified constructional details ............................................................................................................. 32

8.2.2 Unclassified details ...................................................................................................................................... 35

8.2.3 Adhesively bonded joints........................................................................................................................... 35

8.2.4 Determination of the reference hot spot strength values .............................................................. 35

8.3 Effect of mean stress .................................................................................................................................... 35

8.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 35

8.3.2 Plain material and mechanically fastened joints .............................................................................. 35

8.3.3 Welded joints ................................................................................................................................................. 35

8.3.4 Adhesive joints .............................................................................................................................................. 36

8.3.5 Low endurance range .................................................................................................................................. 36

8.3.6 Cycle counting for R-ratio calculations ................................................................................................. 36

8.4 Effect of exposure conditions ................................................................................................................... 36

8.5 Improvement techniques........................................................................................................................... 37

Annex A (normative) Basis for calculation of fatigue resistance .............................................................. 38

A.1 Use of this annex ........................................................................................................................................... 38

A.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 38

A.3 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 38

A.3.1 Influence of fatigue on design .................................................................................................................. 38

A.3.2 Mechanism of failure ................................................................................................................................... 38

A.3.3 Potential sites for fatigue cracking......................................................................................................... 39

A.3.4 Conditions for fatigue susceptibility ...................................................................................................... 39

A.4 Safe life design ............................................................................................................................................... 40

A.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 40

A.4.2 Prerequisites for safe life design ............................................................................................................ 41

A.4.3 Design approach ........................................................................................................................................... 41

A.4.4 Cycle counting ................................................................................................................................................ 43

A.4.5 Derivation of stress spectrum .................................................................................................................. 44

A.5 Damage tolerant design ............................................................................................................................. 45

A.5.1 Prerequisites for damage tolerant design ........................................................................................... 45

A.5.2 Structural layout and detailing ................................................................................................................ 46

A.5.3 Determination of inspection strategy for damage tolerant design ............................................ 46

Annex B (informative) Guidance on assessment of crack growth by fracture mechanics .............. 49

B.1 Use of this Informative Annex ................................................................................................................. 49

B.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 49

B.3 Principles ........................................................................................................................................................ 49

B.3.1 Flaw dimensions ........................................................................................................................................... 49

B.3.2 Crack growth relationship ........................................................................................................................ 50

B.4 Crack growth data A and m ....................................................................................................................... 51

B.5 Geometry function y .................................................................................................................................... 52

B.6 Integration of crack growth ...................................................................................................................... 52

B.7 Assessment of maximum crack size a ................................................................................................ 53

Annex C (informative) Testing for fatigue design .......................................................................................... 62

C.1 Use of this Informative Annex ................................................................................................................. 62

C.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 62

C.3 Derivation of action loading data ........................................................................................................... 62

C.3.1 Fixed structures subject to mechanical action .................................................................................. 62

C.3.2 Fixed structures subject to actions due to exposure conditions ................................................. 63

C.3.3 Moving structures ........................................................................................................................................ 63

C.4 Derivation of stress data ........................................................................................................................... 63

C.4.1 Component test data ................................................................................................................................... 63

C.4.2 Structure test data ....................................................................................................................................... 64

C.4.3 Verification of stress history .................................................................................................................... 64

C.5 Derivation of endurance data .................................................................................................................. 64

C.5.1 Component testing ....................................................................................................................................... 64

C.5.2 Full scale testing ........................................................................................................................................... 65

C.5.3 Acceptance ...................................................................................................................................................... 65

C.6 Crack growth data ........................................................................................................................................ 68

C.7 Reporting ........................................................................................................................................................ 68

Annex D (informative) Stress analysis .............................................................................................................. 70

D.1 Use of this Informative Annex ................................................................................................................. 70

D.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 70

D.3 Use of finite elements for fatigue analysis .......................................................................................... 70

D.3.1 Element types ................................................................................................................................................ 70

D.3.2 Further guidance on use of finite elements ........................................................................................ 71

D.4 Stress concentration factors .................................................................................................................... 71

D.5 Limitation of fatigue induced by repeated local buckling ............................................................. 73

Annex E (informative) Adhesively bonded joints .......................................................................................... 74

E.1 Use of this Informative Annex .................................................................................................................. 74

E.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 74

Annex F (informative) Low cycle fatigue range .............................................................................................. 77

F.1 Use of this Informative Annex .................................................................................................................. 77

F.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 77

F.3 Modification to fatigue strength curves................................................................................................ 77

F.4 Test data ........................................................................................................................................................... 77

Annex G (informative) Influence of applied stress ratio R ......................................................................... 79

G.1 Use of this Informative Annex .................................................................................................................. 79

G.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 79

G.3 Enhancement of fatigue strength ............................................................................................................ 79

G.4 Enhancement cases ...................................................................................................................................... 79

G.4.1 Case 1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 79

G.4.2 Case 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 80

G.4.3 Case 3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 81

Annex H (informative) Fatigue strength improvement of welds.............................................................. 82

H.1 Use of this Informative Annex .................................................................................................................. 82

H.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 82

H.3 Machining or grinding ................................................................................................................................. 83

H.4 Dressing by TIG or plasma......................................................................................................................... 83

H.5 Peening ............................................................................................................................................................. 84

Annex I (informative) Castings ............................................................................................................................. 85

I.1 Use of this Informative Annex .................................................................................................................. 85

I.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 85

I.3 Fatigue strength data .................................................................................................................................. 85

I.3.1 Plain castings .................................................................................................................................................. 85

I.3.2 Welded material ............................................................................................................................................ 85

I.3.3 Mechanically joined castings .................................................................................................................... 86

I.3.4 Adhesively bonded castings ...................................................................................................................... 86

I.4 Quality requirements .................................................................................................................................. 86

Annex J (informative) Detail category tables ................................................................................................... 87

J.1 Use of this Informative Annex .................................................................................................................. 87

J.2 Scope and field of application .................................................................................................................. 87

Annex K (informative) Hot spot reference detail method ....................................................................... 116

K.1 Use of this Informative Annex ............................................................................................................... 116

K.2 Scope and field of application ............................................................................................................... 116

K.3 Hot spot reference detail method ........................................................................................................ 116

Annex L (informative) Guidance on use of design methods, selection of partial factors,

limits for damage values, inspection intervals and execution parameters if Annex J is

adopted .......................................................................................................................................................... 117

L.1 Use of this Informative Annex ............................................................................................................... 117

L.2 Scope and field of application ................................................................................................................ 117

L.3 Safe life design approach ......................................................................................................................... 117