ISO/TC 199/WG 6 - Safety distances and ergonomic aspects

This document establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs (see Annex B). This document covers people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14-year-olds is approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years (5th percentile stature of 3-year-olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings needs to be addressed. NOTE 1 It is not practical to specify safety distances for all persons. Therefore, the values presented are intended to cover the 95th percentile of the population. Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered. The distances apply when sufficient risk reduction can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances depend on size, some people of extreme dimensions will still be able to reach hazard zones even when the requirements of this document are met. Compliance with the requirements in this document will prevent access to the hazard zone. Nevertheless the user of this document is advised that it does not provide the required risk reduction for every hazard (e.g. hazards related to machine emissions such as ionizing radiation, heat sources, noise, dust). The clauses covering lower limbs apply on their own only when access by the upper limbs to the same hazard zone is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment. The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions specified (see 4.1.1). NOTE 2 This document is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing over (see ISO 14120:2015, 5.18).

ISO 13854:2017 enables the user (e.g. standard makers, designers of machinery) to avoid hazards from crushing zones. It specifies minimum gaps relative to parts of the human body and is applicable when adequate safety can be achieved by this method. ISO 13854:2017 is applicable to risks from crushing hazards only and is not applicable to other possible hazards, e.g. impact, shearing, drawing-in. NOTE For impact, shearing, drawing-in hazards, additional or other measures are to be taken.

ISO/TR 22100-3:2016 describes the main ergonomic risk factors influencing the safety of machinery and gives a framework for incorporating them into the design of machines by the integration of important ergonomic principles relating to: - avoiding stressful postures and movements during use of the machine; - designing machines, and more especially hand-held and mobile machines, which can be operated easily; - avoiding as far as possible noise, vibration, thermal effects; NOTE 1: The health effects of noise, vibration and adverse thermal conditions are well-known and are not addressed here. However environmental factors can interact with machine design and risks arising from such influences are addressed in this document. ? avoiding linking the operator's working rhythm to an automatic succession of cycles; ? providing local lighting on or in the machine; NOTE 2: Lighting of the machine or of the surrounding workplace by the machine can have a significant impact on the safety of machine operation and this risk is addressed by this document. - selecting, locating and identifying manual controls (actuators) so that they are clearly visible and identifiable and appropriately marked where necessary; - selecting, designing and locating indicators, dials and visual display units. The approach is based on ISO 12100 with its iterative process to identify significant hazards and reduce risks. Relevant steps of this iterative process have been adapted to include ergonomic principles, and practical guidance is given to apply standards dealing with ergonomics which are relevant for machinery design. ISO/TR 22100-3:2016 is intended for use by standards writers and designers of machinery. It can be used when no relevant C-type standards are available.

ISO 13855:2010 establishes the positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body. It specifies parameters based on values for approach speeds of parts of the human body and provides a methodology to determine the minimum distances to a hazard zone from the detection zone or from actuating devices of safeguards. The values for approach speeds (walking speed and upper limb movement) in ISO 13855:2010 are time tested and proven in practical experience. ISO 13855:2010 gives guidance for typical approaches. Other types of approach, for example running, jumping or falling, are not considered in ISO 13855:2010. Safeguards considered in ISO 13855:2010 include: - electro-sensitive protective equipment, including light curtains and light grids (AOPDs), and laser scanners (AOPDDRs) and two-dimensional vision systems; - pressure-sensitive protective equipment, especially pressure-sensitive mats; - two-hand control devices; - interlocking guards without guard locking.