SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Environmental Engineering (EE) - Energy Efficiency measurement methodology and metrics for RAN equipment35.020Informacijska tehnika in tehnologija na splošnoInformation technology (IT) in general27.015VSORãQREnergy efficiency. Energy conservation in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10)SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018en01-december-2018SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018SLOVENSKI

ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) Environmental Engineering (EE); Energy Efficiency measurement methodology

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ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................................ 7 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Modal verbs terminology .................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 2 References .............................................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Informative references ...................................................................................................................................... 10 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations ................................................................................................. 11 3.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 3.2 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 3.3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 12 4 Base station (BS) site and BS configurations ......................................................................................... 13 4.1 Mobile/radio access network ............................................................................................................................ 13 4.2 Base station (BS) site ....................................................................................................................................... 13 4.3 Extended base station (BS) site ........................................................................................................................ 14 4.4 Base station (BS) configurations ...................................................................................................................... 15 5 BS and BS site KPIs ............................................................................................................................... 16 5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 16 5.1.1 Application of KPIs .................................................................................................................................... 16 5.1.2 Conditions of assessment ............................................................................................................................ 17 5.2 Capacity energy efficiency KPI (KPIEE-capacity) ................................................................................................. 17 5.3 Coverage energy efficiency KPI (KPIEE-coverage) ............................................................................................... 17 5.4 Site energy efficiency KPI (KPIEE-site) .............................................................................................................. 17 5.5 Extended BS total renewable energy KPI (KPIREN-tot) ...................................................................................... 18 5.6 Extended BS on-site renewable energy KPI (KPIREN-onsite) ............................................................................... 18 6 Measurement conditions......................................................................................................................... 18 6.1 General requirements ....................................................................................................................................... 18 6.1.1 Measurement period ................................................................................................................................... 18 6.1.2 Measurement configuration ........................................................................................................................ 18 6.2 Measurement and test equipment ..................................................................................................................... 19 7 Measurement methods ............................................................................................................................ 19 7.1 Measurement method for KPIEE-capacity ............................................................................................................. 19 7.1.1 Definition of data volume ........................................................................................................................... 19 7.1.2 Formulae ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 7.2 Measurement method for KPIEE-coverage ............................................................................................................. 20 7.2.1 Definition of coverage area ......................................................................................................................... 20 7.2.1.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. 20 7.2.1.2 Designated coverage area ...................................................................................................................... 20 7.2.1.3 Coverage quality ................................................................................................................................... 20 7.2.2 Formulae ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 7.3 Measurement method for KPIEE-site ................................................................................................................... 22 7.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 7.3.2 Formulae ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 7.4 User equipment (UE) reporting parameters ...................................................................................................... 23 8 Measurement report ................................................................................................................................ 24 Annex A (normative):

Test reports ..................................................................................................... 25 A.1 General information to be reported ........................................................................................................ 25 A.2 Energy consumption report .................................................................................................................... 26 SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 4 A.3 KPI report ............................................................................................................................................... 27 History .............................................................................................................................................................. 28

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 5 List of figures Figure 1: Simplified network schematic ............................................................................................................................13 Figure 2: BS site configuration and equipment classification ...........................................................................................14 Figure 3: Schematic representation of the energy sources for an extended BS site ..........................................................14 Figure 4: Schematic of energy sources for the electricity provision at an extended BS site .............................................15 Figure 5: Integrated BS model ..........................................................................................................................................15 Figure 6: Distributed BS model .........................................................................................................................................16 Figure 7: Typical SINR distribution of a mobile network .................................................................................................21

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 6 List of tables Table 1: Measurement parameters required for coverage quality calculation ...................................................................22 Table 2: Required UE data ................................................................................................................................................23 Table A.1: Site(s) under test in the Network Area ............................................................................................................25 Table A.2: Site measurement report ..................................................................................................................................26 Table A.3: Calculated KPIs to be reported for site efficiency ...........................................................................................27

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 7 Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents

IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).

National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 25 September 2018 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 December 2018 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):

30 June 2019 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 June 2019

Modal verbs terminology In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). "must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction Energy efficiency has been seen to be a critical issue for telecommunication systems in relation to environmental impact and operational cost. Within a radio access network (RAN), energy consumption is dominated by the base stations (BSs), the support infrastructure at the BS sites and repeaters (where used). SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 8 The key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and the associated measurement processes defined in the present document are used to reflect the operational energy efficiency of a radio access network and supporting infrastructures as specified in the scope.

The present document is related to the following documents: • ETSI ES 203 228 [1] - addressing energy consumption and efficiency measurement of operational radio access networks using small samples (RAN); • ETSI ES 202 336-12 [2] - addressing energy consumption monitoring of ICT equipment in telecommunications networks; • ETSI ES 202 706-1 [i.1], and ETSI TS 102 706-2 [i.2] - addressing energy consumption and efficiency measurements of base stations in the laboratory. SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 9 1 Scope The present document specifies Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and associated measurement processes, which reflect the operational energy efficiency of the following digital cellular RAN equipment and supporting infrastructures: • integrated BS; • distributed BS; • BS site. Repeaters are not considered in the present document but are considered for further study (ffs). Energy consumption of user equipment (UE) is outside the scope of the present document, however, how a user equipment (UE) affects a base station energy performance is considered for further study. The KPIs specified: • combine the energy consumption (in the form of electricity) with the volume of data processed; • combine the energy consumption (in the form of electricity) with the coverage area served; • are applicable to the above equipment and also, in certain cases, to the sites accommodating the equipment; • are primarily intended for trend analysis - not to enable comparison between individual BSs unless the conditions of operation are "similar". The present document specifies KPIs that are only applicable to BS sites supporting a single operator network. KPISs for shared BS and BS site between two operators or more is considered for further study. The RAN equipment addressed by the present document supports the following RANs, amongst others, both individually and in combination: • UTRA, WCDMA (IMT-2000 Direct Spread, W-CDMA, UMTS); • E-UTRA, LTE (IMT-2000 and IMT advanced); • GSM (IMT-2000 SC, Technology GSM/EDGE). KPIs for future RAN technologies such as 5G will be considered for future version of the present document once appropriate specifications are completed. The present document does not define target values for the energy consumption nor the energy efficiency of the equipment for which KPIs are specified. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI ES 203 228: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Assessment of mobile network energy efficiency". SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 10 [2] ETSI ES 202 336-12: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and control interface for infrastructure equipment (power, cooling and building environment systems used in telecommunication networks); Part 12: ICT equipment power, energy and environmental parameters monitoring information model". [3] ETSI TS 123 203: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Policy and charging control architecture (3GPP TS 23.203)". [4] ETSI TS 132 412: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM) Integration Reference Point (IRP): Information Service (IS) (3GPP TS 32.412)". [5] ETSI TS 132 425: "LTE; Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM); Performance measurements Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) (3GPP TS 32.425)". [6] ETSI TS 125 306: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); UE Radio Access capabilities (3GPP TS 25.306)". [7] ETSI TS 136 306: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities (3GPP TS 36.306)". [8] ETSI TS 136 214: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer; Measurements (3GPP TS 36.214)". 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment; Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method". [i.2] ETSI TS 102 706-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method". [i.3] ETSI TS 132 405: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM); Performance measurements; Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) (3GPP TS 32.405)". [i.4] ETSI TS 152 402: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM); Performance measurements - GSM (3GPP TS 52.402)". [i.5] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories". [i.6] Recommendation ITU-T L.1350: "Energy efficiency metrics of a base station site". SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 11 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: backhaul infrastructure: functional elements connecting a base station to an operator site Base Station (BS): network telecommunications equipment (NTE) which serves one or more cells within a coverage area of a mobile access network Base Station (BS) site: network distribution node (NDN) which accommodates a base station (BS) core network: functional elements (that is equipment and infrastructure) that enable communication between operator sites (OSs) or equivalent ICT sites energy efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption extended base station site: base station site which is served under typical operating conditions by on-site generation of electricity Information Technology Equipment (ITE): equipment providing data storage, processing and transport services for subsequent distribution by network telecommunications equipment (NTE) mobile access network: See radio access network. Network Distribution Node (NDN): grouping of NTE equipment within the boundaries of an access network providing distribution of service from an operator site (OS) NOTE: Where all the network telecommunications equipment (NTE) at a given location is under common governance, any supporting infrastructure for power distribution and environmental control together with the necessary levels of resilience and security required to provide the desired service availability is included as part of the NDN. Network Telecommunications Equipment (NTE): equipment between the boundaries of, and dedicated to providing direct connection to, core and/or access networks Operator Site (OS): premises accommodating network telecommunications equipment (NTE) providing direct connection to the core and access networks and which may also accommodate information technology equipment (ITE) NOTE 1: An operator site that is only connected to the core network is considered as a network data centre. NOTE 2:

An operator site of a cable access network may be termed a local head-end. Radio Access Network (RAN): telecommunications network in which the access to the network (connection between user equipment and network) is implemented over the air interface NOTE:

Part of GERAN, UTRAN or E-UTRA networks defined by 3GPP. renewable energy: energy from renewable sources" as energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases repeater (R): device with two RF ports, both of which are intended to be connected to antennas, which is capable of receiving, amplifying and transmitting simultaneously in one direction a signal in a base station's transmit band and in the other direction a signal in the corresponding base station's receive band user equipment (UE): device allowing user access to the services provided by the mobile access network NOTE: Examples of user equipment include a mobile phone, tablet, data modem and connected devices such as meter or actuator. SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

ETSI ETSI EN 303 472 V1.1.1 (2018-10) 12 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: DVMN Data volume EBS Energy consumption of an individual BS

ELnon-renewable grid Energy in the form of electricity from non-renewable sources within the utility (grid) supply consumed by an extended BS site over a given period ELnon-renewable on-site Energy in the form of electricity from non-renewable sources produced at, and consumed by, an extended BS site over a given period ELtot Total energy in the form of electricity consumed by an extended BS site over a given period

ELrenewable grid Energy in the form of electricity from renewable sources within the utility (grid) supply and consumed by an extended BS site over a given period ELrenewable on-site Energy in the form of electricity from renewable sources produced at, and consumed by, an extended BS site over a given period KPIEE-capacity Energy efficiency KPI related to capacity KPIEE-coverage Energy efficiency KPI related to coverage area KPIEE-site Energy efficiency KPI related to base station site KPIREN-onsite Energy efficiency KPI related to renewable electrical energy provided by an extended base station site KPIREN-tot Energy efficiency KPI related to renewable electrical energy provided at an extended base station site 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 3GPP 3rd Generation mobile Partnership Project BS Base Station CDMA Collision Detection Multiple Access CN Core Network CS Circuit Switched DL DownLink DV Data Volume

ffs for further study GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network HSPA High Speed Packet Access ICT Information and Communications Technology IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMT International Mobile Telecommunications IP Ingress Protection classification ITE Information Technology Equipment KPI Key Performance Indicator LTE Long Term Evolution MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MNO Mobile Network Operator

NDN Network Distribution Node NTE Network Telecommunications Equipment OS Operator Site PS Packet Switched QoS Quality of Service R Repeater RAB Radio Access Bearer RAN Radio Access Network RF Radio Frequency RLC Radio Link Control RRC Radio Resource Control RRH Remote Radio Head RRU Remote Radio Unit or module SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication SINR Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio UE User Equipment UL UpLink UMTS

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access 4 Base station (BS) site and BS configurations

4.1 Mobile/radio access network Figure 1 shows an core network site (CN) connected to a base station (BS) at a BS site via a backhaul infrastructure. BS sites are described in clauses 4.2 and 4.3. BS configurations are described in clause 4.4.

Figure 1: Simplified network schematic In certain circumstances the coverage area of a BS may be extended by the use of a repeater (R). The present document addresses the energy efficiency of the BS together with the BS site in certain circumstances. The impact of repeaters on energy efficiency of networks is for further study (ffs). Clause 5 specifies KPIs for the BS (KPIEE-capacity and KPIEE-coverage) and for both a BS site and an extended BS site (KPIEE-site, KPIREN-tot and KPIREN-onsite). 4.2 Base station (BS) site As shown in the schematic of Figure 2, a BS site accommodates the following: • one or more groups of network telecommunications equipment (NTE) providing the function of a radio access network (RAN); A detailed description of BS is present in ETSI ES 203 228 [1]; • site support equipment (all additional equipment which is installed at the site to provide additional functionality, including power backup, air-conditioning, lights, security system, etc.). SIST EN 303 472 V1.1.1:2018

A site may support multiple, separate, groups of components each of which comprises an individual BS, may serve different networks and be under separate gover