EN ISO 10993-2:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 10993-2:2006
Biološko ovrednotenje medicinskih pripomočkov - 2. del: Zahteve za varstvo živali
(ISO 10993-2:2022)
Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 2: Animal welfare requirements (ISO
10993-2:2022)
Biologische Beurteilung von Medizinprodukten - Teil 2: Tierschutzbestimmungen (ISO
10993-2:2022)
Évaluation biologique des dispositifs médicaux - Partie 2: Exigences relatives à la
protection des animaux (ISO 10993-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10993-2:2022
ICS:
11.100.20 Biološko ovrednotenje Biological evaluation of
medicinskih pripomočkov medical devices
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 10993-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.100.20 Supersedes EN ISO 10993-2:2006
English Version
Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 2: Animal
welfare requirements (ISO 10993-2:2022)
Évaluation biologique des dispositifs médicaux - Partie Biologische Beurteilung von Medizinprodukten - Teil 2:
2: Exigences relatives à la protection des animaux (ISO Tierschutzbestimmungen (ISO 10993-2:2022)
10993-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 October 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10993-2:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 10993-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 194
"Biological and clinical evaluation of medical devices" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 206 “Biological and clinical evaluation of medical devices” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 10993-2:2006.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10993-2:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10993-2:2022 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10993-2
Third edition
2022-11
Biological evaluation of medical
devices —
Part 2:
Animal welfare requirements
Évaluation biologique des dispositifs médicaux —
Partie 2: Exigences relatives à la protection des animaux
Reference number
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 S c op e . 1
2 Nor m at i ve r ef er enc e s . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 R e qu i r ement s . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 J ustification for animal tests . 4
4.3 Competence of personnel . 5
4.4 P lanning and performance of animal tests . 5
4.4.1 General . 5
4 .4 . 2 R e -u s e . 5
4.5 T est strategy — Sequence of in vitro and in vivo tests . 6
4.6 A nimal care and accommodation . 6
4.6.1 General . 6
4 . 6. 2 R e s t r a i nt . 6
4 . 6 . 3 Su r g ic a l pr o c e du r e s . . 6
4.7 H umane end points . 7
4.7.1 G eneral . 7
4 .7. 2 Eut h a n a s i a . 7
4.8 Study documentation . . 7
4.9 V alidity of test results and mutual acceptance of data . 8
Annex A (informative) Rationale for the development of this document.9
Annex B (informative) Further suggestions for replacing, reducing and refining animal
tests .13
Bibliography .14
iii
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 194, Biological and clinical evaluation of
medical devices, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 206, Biocompatibility of medical and dental materials and devices, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10993-2:2006), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— laboratory animal veterinarian and their responsibilities and authority have been clarified;
— requirements for trained veterinary care staff have been added;
— ILAR Guide, IACLAM and AAALAC International have been added;
— aseptic methods, monitoring, pharmaceutical grade of chemical usage for surgery have been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10993 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
Introduction
The goal of the ISO 10993 series is the protection of humans in the context of the use of medical devices.
This document supports the goal of the ISO 10993 series by promoting good science through paying
proper regard to maximizing the use of scientifically sound non-animal tests and by ensuring that
those animal tests performed to evaluate the biological properties of materials used in medical devices
are conducted humanely according to recognized ethical and scientific principles.
The application of such humane experimental techniques, including high standards of animal care and
accommodation, both help to ensure the scientific validity of safety testing and enhance the welfare of
the animals used.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
Biological evaluation of medical devices —
Part 2:
Animal welfare requirements
1 S cope
This document specifies the minimum requirements to be satisfied to ensure and demonstrate
that proper provision has been made for the welfare of animals used in animal tests to assess the
biocompatibility of materials used in medical devices. It is aimed at those who commission, design and
perform tests or evaluate data from animal tests undertaken to assess the biocompatibility of materials
intended for use in medical devices, or that of the medical devices themselves.
This document makes recommendations and offers guidance intended to facilitate future further
reductions in the overall number of animals used, refinement of test methods to reduce or eliminate
pain or distress in animals, and the replacement of animal tests by other scientifically valid means not
requiring animal tests.
This document applies to tests performed on living vertebrate animals, other than man, to establish the
biocompatibility of materials or medical devices.
This document does not apply to tests performed on invertebrate animals and other lower forms;
nor (other than with respect to provisions relating to species, source, health status, and care and
accommodation) does it apply to testing performed on isolated tissues and organs taken from vertebrate
animals that have been euthanized.
2 Normat ive references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10993-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk
management process
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10993-1 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
alternative method
test method that replaces an animal test (3.3), reduces the numbers of animals (3.2) used or refines the
procedures applied
3.2
animal
live non-human vertebrate, excluding immature forms during the first half of gestation or incubation
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
3.3
animal test
use of an animal (3.2) for scientific purposes
Note 1 to entry: The definition of an animal test excludes acts of recognized veterinary practice applied for the
benefit of an animal or the group of animals of which it is part; recognized husbandry practices to manage or
conserve the animal or the group of which it is part; marking by methods which cause no more than momentary
pain or distress; and euthanasia (3.5).
Note 2 to entry: The prevention of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm by the effective use of anaesthesia or
analgesia or other methods of rendering the animal insentient to pain (e.g. decerebration) does not place animal
tests outside the scope of this definition. The administration of anaesthetics, analgesics or other methods of
rendering the animal insentient to pain are considered to constitute an integral part of the animal test.
3.4
competent authority
body designated or recognized by a national government to take responsibility for overseeing,
supervising or regulating animal tests (3.3), or the breeding and supply of purpose-bred animals (3.10)
for use on such tests, within the scope of this document
3.5
euthanasia
humane killing of an animal (3.2) by a method causing minimal physical and mental suffering
3.6
humane endpoint
pre-determined, specific criteria and measures to be implemented to minimize or terminate pain,
suffering or distress caused by animal tests (3.3) as soon as
— the scientific objectives have been met, or
— when it is realized they cannot be met, or
— when the animal (3.2) welfare problems being encountered are greater than can be justified by the
importance, potential benefits, objectives and nature of the study
3.7
laboratory animal veterinarian
qualified laboratory animal veterinarian
person responsible for the health and well-being of all laboratory animals (3.2) used at the institution
Note 1 to entry: Often called “attending veterinarian” who is certified or has training or experience in laboratory
animal science and medicine or is otherwise qualified in the care of the species being used.
Note 2 to entry: It is recommended that a laboratory animal veterinarian appropriately qualified by the relevant
competent authority should be used as an attending veterinarian.
Note 3 to entry: There is an International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine (IACLAM) that
is an association of associations, specifically the member Colleges of laboratory animal medicine. Each college
has members that, in addition to their demonstrated proficiency in laboratory animal medicine, also possess
subspecialization in a variety of areas that have direct bearing on the care, use and welfare of laboratory animals.
3.8
procedural training
prior training and acclimatizing of animals (3.2) to the interventions to be performed during an animal
test, with a view to minimizing stress to the animal when animal tests are conducted
3.9
protocol
documentation prepared in advance of animal tests (3.3) being undertaken setting out the justification,
rationale and test method [including scientific and humane endpoints (3.6)] for the animal tests
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
3.10
purpose-bred animal
animal (3.2) bred with the intention that it be used in animal tests (3.3) or for other experimental or
scientific purposes
3.11
reduction
decrease to the essential minimum the number of animals (3.2) used in an animal test (3.3) to meet a
defined scientific objective
3.12
refinement
total of the measures taken to safeguard the welfare of the test animals (3.14) by minimizing any
resulting pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm to the animals (3.2) that are used
3.13
replacement
scientifically valid and reasonably and practically available test method that either completely or
partially replaces the use of living vertebrate animals (3.2) with test methods that have not the potential
to cause pain or distress to animals
3.14
test animal
animal (3.2) used in in vivo animal tests (3.3), or used to provide tissue for ex vivo or in vitro tests
3.15
validation
formal process by which the reliability and relevance of a test method is established for a particular
purpose
3.16
veterinary care
responsibility for promoting an animal’s (3.2) health and welfare before, during and after animal
procedures and providing advice and guidance based on best practice
Note 1 to entry: Veterinary care includes attention to the physical and behavioural status of the animal.
Note 2 to entry: The laboratory animal veterinarian (3.7) shall have authority and responsibility for making
judgements concerning animal welfare.
Note 3 to entry: Veterinary advice and care shall be available at all times.
4 Requirements
4.1 General
This document sets forth essential requirements when animal tests are being considered, planned or
performed for the biological evaluation of materials used in medical devices.
It has been developed to protect the welfare of animals used in the biological evaluation of materials
used in medical devices without compromising, indeed to help to ensure, the scientific validity of the
test results and the risk assessments that shall subsequently be performed.
This document focuses on the need to demonstrate that animal welfare is properly considered when
expert judgement has to be exercised in relation to the biological evaluation of medical device materials,
and that the principles of humane experimental technique are demonstrably applied to the design and
conduct of animal tests.
This document requires that the need to perform animal tests is justified, and any pain, suffering,
distress or lasting harm that is caused during essential animal tests is minimized.
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
This document sets out essential requirements that safeguard animal welfare by minimizing the pain
and distress caused when animal tests are considered or undertaken by:
— establishing a framework that reflects the relevant ethical and, in many jurisdictions, the legal
considerations relating to the use of animals for experimental or other scientific purposes;
— minimizing the number of animal tests by the appropriate use of literature searches, data-sharing,
validated replacement alternatives, and appropriate testing strategies and study designs;
— minimizing any pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm caused to animals used in tests to evaluate
the biocompatibility of materials used in medical devices by requiring appropriate use of relevant
reduction and refinement alternatives;
— promoting consistent, high standards of accommodation and care to safeguard both the welfare of
the animals used and the scientific validity and the reproducibility of the data generated;
— appropriate veterinary care program overseen by a qualified laboratory animal veterinarian is
implemented.
To these ends the design and conduct of animal tests to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials
used in medical devices shall be formed by, and incorporate, relevant strategies for the replacement,
reduction and refinement of animal tests.
Commissioning animal tests without seeking and obtaining this information, exercising these
judgements and implementing these measures does not comply with the essential requirements of this
document.
NOTE These principles, and the essential requirements of this document, can also be relevant to animal use
for medical device training and development.
4.2 Justification for animal tests
When required to make proper provision to ensure human safety, animal testing to enable the proper
biological characterization of materials used in medical devices is acceptable.
For the purposes of the ISO 10993 series, animal tests shall only be deemed to be justified when:
— the resulting data are not otherwise available, but are essential to properly characterize the test
material in the context in which it is to be used;
— when no suitable scientifically validated test method not involving the use of living animals is
reasonably and practically available;
— when relevant reduction and refinement strategies have been identified and implemented including,
if appropriate, obtaining test data from manufacturers and suppliers, and literature searches for
toxicity and biocompatibility data.
To avoid unnecessary duplication, before animal tests to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials
used in medical devices are undertaken, a review of available, relevant information on the properties
of the test material shall be undertaken and documented. This shall include taking reasonable steps to
enable data sharing.
Animal tests are deemed to be justified only when:
— they have been shown to be relevant and reliable for the purposes for which they are undertaken;
— the resulting data are essential to properly characterize and evaluate the test material in the context
in which it is to be used in medical devices;
— no scientifically valid test method not requiring the use of living animals is reasonably and practically
available;
ISO 10993-2:2022(E)
— other relevant and appropriate strategies to minimize the pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm
caused to the animals that are used have been identified and implemented.
4.3 C ompetence of personnel
Animal tests shall be designed, conducted and interpreted by persons competent to discharge the
responsibilities assigned to them.
Animal tests shall be designed and conducted with the involvement of personnel with expertise in
veterinary science, laboratory animal science and medicine, and animal husbandry and care.
Details of how staff are equipped by experience, qualification and training (including continued
professional development) to satisfy these requirements shall be documented.
NOTE 1 Although this document does not provide an objective specification, it is considered important that
those involved in the conduct of animal tests demonstrate a caring and respectful attitude to the animals used,
i.e. that they have an appropriate “culture of care”.
NOTE 2 For further information on assurance of training and competency, see 7.8.5 of Reference [1].
4.4 Planning and performanc e of animal tests
4.4.1 General
The selection and design of animal tests shall be appropriate to meet the specific scientific objectives
of the study while minimizing the pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm that can be produced to the
test animals.
As specified in 4.2, animal testing shall only be undertaken when the information required is essential
to characterize the test material, is not otherwise available and when no suitable scientifically validated
test method not involving the use of living animals is reasonably and practically available.
Following consideration of relevant and reasonably available potential replacement, reduction and
refinement strategies, and before animal tests are undertaken, principal investigators and/or sponsors
shall attest and document that no other replacement, reduction or refinement strategies are required
to minimize the animal welfare costs of the studies.
NOTE In some instances pilot studies can be required to optimize study design before de
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