EN 17616:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Zunanje sveče - Specifikacija za požarno varnost
Outdoor candles - Specification for fire safety
Kerzen für den Außenbereich - Spezifikation für die Feuersicherheit
Bougies d'extérieur - Spécifications relatives à la sécurité incendie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17616:2021
ICS:
13.220.01 Varstvo pred požarom na Protection against fire in
splošno general
97.180 Razna oprema za dom in Miscellaneous domestic and
trgovino commercial equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17616
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 71.100.99; 97.180
English Version
Outdoor candles - Specification for fire safety
Bougies d'extérieur - Spécifications relatives à la Kerzen für den Außenbereich - Spezifikation für die
sécurité incendie Feuersicherheit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 August 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17616:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Safety requirements . 7
4.1 Container candles . 7
4.2 Freestanding candles . 7
4.3 Garden torches . 7
4.4 Floating candles . 8
5 Test equipment and apparatus . 8
6 Sampling . 8
7 Sample preparation . 9
8 General test conditions . 9
9 Test methods . 9
9.1 General. 9
9.2 Stability test . 9
9.3 Burning test . 9
9.4 Surface temperature test below container candles . 10
9.5 Flammability test of containers . 11
9.6 Calculation of wind resistance of container candles . 12
10 Test report . 13
Annex A (informative) Background of calculation of wind resistance of container candles. 14
Annex B (informative) Guidance for measuring the perpendicular cross-sectional area of
container candles facing the wind for different shapes of container candles . 16
Bibliography . 17
European foreword
This document (EN 17616:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 369 “Candle fire
safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
EN 17616:2020 (E)
Introduction
Candles have accompanied mankind for more than 2 000 years serving above all as a light source. Closely
connected to the development history of the candle are the efforts made to improve its quality and its
safety in use. Fires caused by unsafe candles and/or inappropriate use during the burning of candles have
led to consumer concern for these issues.
This document helps to ensure a reasonable degree of safety during use, thereby improving personal
safety and reducing the risk of fires, deaths and injuries.
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be
burned outdoors.
Sticks wrapped with fuel-soaked materials, such as paper, cardboard or fabric, oil lamps on a stick and
products intended to be used professionally to protect vineyards or fruit orchards from frost damages
are not covered by this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 17617:2021, Outdoor candles — Product safety labels
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
burning period
time the candle burns from being lit initially until it is extinguished
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.3]
3.2
burn test cycle
total time of a burning period and pause
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.4]
3.3
candle
one or more combustible wicks supported by a material that constitutes a fuel, which is solid or semisolid
at room temperature (20 °C to 27 °C) with the main function of sustaining a light-producing flame,
including any coatings on and articles or substances in the fuel
[SOURCE: EN 15426:2018, 3.2]
EN 17616:2020 (E)
3.4
container candle
candle that is produced and used in the same container
Note 1 to entry: The material of the container can be e.g. ceramic, concrete, glass, metal, plastic or any bi-
component material for example.
[SOURCE: EN 15426:2018, 3.3, modified – Note 1 to entry “This definition includes tea lights” is replaced]
3.5
flare-up
condition where the vapours of the base material ignite over the entire fuel pool
3.6
floating candle
candle intended and designed for use in a suitable bowl or container filled with water
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.8]
3.7
freestanding candle
candle that is designed to be used without a supporting holder
[SOURCE: EN 15426:2018, 3.4]
3.8
garden torch
stick with a candle fixed on top which is planted in the ground or set up in a stable manner with a support
Note 1 to entry: Sticks wrapped with fuel-soaked materials such as paper, cardboard or fabric as well as oil lamps
on a stick are not considered as garden torches.
3.9
grave light
container candle intended to be used unattended only at cemeteries on or close to graves
Note 1 to entry: Usually, a wind protection like a lid is present to prevent extinguishing or without lid when
intended to be placed in a lantern.
3.10
outdoor candle
candle intended and designed to be used outside buildings in the open air
3.11
secondary ignition
self-sustained flame other than that on the intended wick(s), including flare-ups or the ignition of a
container
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.15, modified]
3.12
self-sustained flame
flame that continues to burn until the fuel source is removed or depleted or is actively extinguished
[SOURCE: EN 15493:2019, 3.16]
4 Safety requirements
4.1 Container candles
4.1.1 The candle shall not tip over when tested on a slope of (10 ± 0,2)° according to 9.2.
4.1.2 The wind resistance shall have a value > 1 when calculated according to 9.6.
NOTE A wind velocity of 3 m/s is used for the calculation.
Container candles that do not comply may still be marketed if they show appropriate safety information
(see EN 17617:2021, Figure 10).
If the requirement is not met, it is recommended that appropriate sturdy stands in which the candles can
be placed are offered for sale in conjunction with the candles.
4.1.3 The temperature at the surface below the container shall not exceed 350 °C when tested
according to 9.4.
The temperature limit is supposed to avoid fire if containers are burned on a wood surface without a heat
resistant base, not to avoid damage to the surface. If the objective is to avoid damage to the surface, e.g.
scorch marks, the manufacturer should aim for much lower temperatures.
4.1.4 No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s, when the candle is burning according to 9.3.
At the end of burning, when there is only a small amount of molten base material left, there may be a
flare-up for maximum 5 min, provided that this does not pose any risk to the surroundings.
4.1.5 The container shall not ignite or break when tested according to 9.3.
4.1.6 The container shall not burn for longer than 15 s on average and 30 s in any individual test when
tested according to 9.5. The container shall not be completely burned away during testing.
NOTE The clamped part of the container is not taken into account to evaluate complete burning away.
Containers constructed exclusively of non-combustible materials (e.g. ceramic, metal, glass, terracotta) are assumed
to fulfil the requirement without testing.
Containers of grave lights are exempted from this requirement provided that they show clear indication
that they are only intended to be used at cemeteries (see EN 17617:2021, Figure 8).
4.1.7 After extinguishing, the candle shall not spontaneously re-light.
4.2 Freestanding candles
4.2.1 Freestanding candles shall not tip over when tested on a slope of (10 ± 0,2)° according to 9.2.
4.2.2 No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s when the candle is burning according to 9.3.
4.2.3 After extinguishing, the candle shall not spontaneously re-light.
4.3 Garden torches
4.3.1 Garden torches shall be designed to be set up and stay in a stable manner.
4.3.2 No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s when the garden torch is burning according
to 9.3.
EN 17616:2020 (E)
4.3.3 No burning or smoldering material shall fall from garden torches. The garden torch shall neither
burn paper placed u
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